Week 8

Question 1

Q1: According to Darcy Harris, what is a key critique of Western grief models?
a) They promote excessive emotional expression
b) They suppress communal mourning rituals
c) They pathologize grief by expecting closure within fixed timelines
d) They overly rely on psychoanalysis

Answer 1

Correct Answer: c) They pathologize grief by expecting closure within fixed timelines
Rationale: Harris critiques the Western tendency to medicalise grief and pressure individuals to conform to timelines.
Source: [Harris – p. 244]

Question 2

Q2: In Indigenous perspectives, what role does grief often play?
a) It is seen as a private, internal journey
b) It is viewed as a disruption to daily responsibilities
c) It is embedded within collective experience and cultural practices
d) It is considered a sign of weakness

Answer 2

Correct Answer: c) It is embedded within collective experience and cultural practices
Rationale: Usher et al. (2021) describe grief as communal, with emphasis on cultural resilience and collective mourning.
Source: [Usher et al., p. 4]

Question 3

Q3: What does the Pisani et al. (2016) model propose as an alternative to predicting suicide?
a) Risk stratification
b) Prevention-focused formulation
c) Strict diagnostic screening
d) Legal liability protection

Answer 3

Correct Answer: b) Prevention-focused formulation
Rationale: They advocate for shifting from prediction to prevention, using dynamic and contextual risk formulation.
Source: [Pisani et al., p. 624]

Question 4

Q4: What is a major limitation of standardised suicide risk checklists?
a) They are not legally defensible
b) They fail to consider cultural differences and context
c) They are too expensive to administer
d) They promote too much client autonomy

Answer 4

Correct Answer: b) They fail to consider cultural differences and context
Rationale: Pisani et al. note these tools often ignore sociocultural and narrative dimensions of risk.
Source: [Pisani et al., p. 628]

Question 5

Q5: In what way does grief intersect with culture according to Week 8 content?
a) All cultures express grief the same way
b) Culture defines what losses are grievable
c) Culture inhibits emotional processing
d) Culture has no influence on grief norms

Answer 5

Correct Answer: b) Culture defines what losses are grievable
Rationale: The lecture and readings emphasize how cultural context shapes the legitimacy and expression of grief.
Source: [Lecture – Grief & Death – 00:12:18]

Question 6

Q6: What concept is emphasized in the Indigenous grief perspective outlined by Usher et al.?
a) Closure and detachment
b) Silence and withdrawal
c) Interconnectedness and spiritual continuity
d) Risk prevention through medication

Answer 6

Correct Answer: c) Interconnectedness and spiritual continuity
Rationale: The Indigenous model values collective healing and ongoing connection with ancestors.
Source: [Usher et al. – p. 6]

Question 7

Q7: What does “anticipatory grief” refer to?
a) The delayed reaction to a past loss
b) The grief process after death
c) The grief experienced before an expected loss
d) A form of complicated bereavement

Answer 7

Correct Answer: c) The grief experienced before an expected loss
Rationale: Anticipatory grief occurs prior to actual loss, often in terminal illness contexts.
Source: [Lecture – Grief & Death – 00:06:52]

Question 8

Q8: What is a key feature of risk formulation over prediction in suicide prevention?
a) It focuses solely on past behaviors
b) It categorizes clients into static levels
c) It integrates narrative, clinical, and contextual factors
d) It uses actuarial scoring systems exclusively

Answer 8

Correct Answer: c) It integrates narrative, clinical, and contextual factors
Rationale: Risk formulation allows for dynamic case understanding, unlike rigid prediction models.
Source: [Pisani et al., p. 627]

Question 9

Q9: According to the Week 8 lecture, what is a danger of using grief timelines universally?
a) They encourage cultural comparison
b) They improve diagnostic clarity
c) They undermine culturally diverse grieving processes
d) They align with WHO guidelines

Answer 9

Correct Answer: c) They undermine culturally diverse grieving processes
Rationale: Imposing fixed timelines risks marginalizing non-Western grieving expressions.
Source: [Lecture – Grief & Death – 00:10:15]

Question 10

Q10: What does Pisani et al. identify as necessary for effective suicide prevention?
a) Focus on diagnostic categories
b) Risk minimisation through checklists
c) Collaborative, contextualised planning with clients
d) Passive monitoring and reporting

Answer 10

Correct Answer: c) Collaborative, contextualised planning with clients
Rationale: Suicide prevention is more effective when clients co-develop care and risk management strategies.
Source: [Pisani et al., p. 625]

Question 11

Q11: Which approach is most aligned with the concept of cultural safety in risk assessment?
a) Relying on DSM-based categorisation
b) Considering the client’s worldview and relational context
c) Applying universal risk thresholds
d) Delegating assessment to non-clinical staff

Answer 11

Correct Answer: b) Considering the client’s worldview and relational context
Rationale: Cultural safety demands that the clinician integrates the client’s own meaning systems.
Source: [Usher et al. – p. 5]

Question 12

Q12: What emotional experience is often suppressed in Western grief narratives?
a) Anger
b) Shame
c) Ongoing attachment
d) Numbness

Answer 12

Correct Answer: c) Ongoing attachment
Rationale: Harris argues that Western grief models discourage long-term emotional bonds with the deceased.
Source: [Harris – p. 247]

Question 13

Q13: According to Indigenous perspectives on resilience, what promotes healing after grief?
a) Individual therapy
b) Rituals, storytelling, and cultural continuity
c) Psychiatric medication
d) Avoidance of painful memories

Answer 13

Correct Answer: b) Rituals, storytelling, and cultural continuity
Rationale: Cultural practices serve as active sources of strength and identity.
Source: [Usher et al. – p. 7]

Question 14

Q14: What is one critique of current suicide prediction models?
a) They over-prioritise cultural narratives
b) They rely too much on collaboration
c) They lead to overgeneralisation and neglect of nuance
d) They are too person-centred

Answer 14

Correct Answer: c) They lead to overgeneralisation and neglect of nuance
Rationale: Pisani et al. argue prediction models simplify complex, individualised contexts.
Source: [Pisani et al., p. 627]

Question 15

Q15: How can clinicians better assess risk in diverse populations?
a) Use translated risk forms
b) Collaborate with cultural consultants and communities
c) Rely on symptom checklists
d) Assume cultural norms are universal

Answer 15

Correct Answer: b) Collaborate with cultural consultants and communities
Rationale: Contextual expertise helps clinicians navigate culturally appropriate risk assessment.
Source: [Lecture – Risk Assessment – 00:19:55]

Question 16

Q16: What does the concept of disenfranchised grief refer to?
a) Grief linked to economic status
b) Grief that is not openly acknowledged or socially supported
c) Grief expressed only in private
d) Political protests about loss

Answer 16

Correct Answer: b) Grief that is not openly acknowledged or socially supported
Rationale: This concept refers to losses that are socially unrecognised, such as miscarriage or same-sex partner loss.
Source: [Lecture – Grief & Death – 00:16:34]

Question 17

Q17: Why is cultural humility essential in grief counselling?
a) It prevents emotional transference
b) It ensures equal power dynamics and curiosity
c) It prioritises evidence-based manuals
d) It removes subjectivity from assessment

Answer 17

Correct Answer: b) It ensures equal power dynamics and curiosity
Rationale: Humility fosters deeper understanding of culturally embedded expressions of loss.
Source: [Lecture – Grief & Death – 00:19:48]

Question 18

Q18: What is one goal of the reflective risk formulation model?
a) Diagnosis through standardised scales
b) Legal protection for the clinician
c) Synthesising case context into a prevention narrative
d) Removal of client insight

Answer 18

Correct Answer: c) Synthesising case context into a prevention narrative
Rationale: It integrates diverse factors into a contextualised and proactive safety plan.
Source: [Pisani et al., p. 629]

Question 19

Q19: In Indigenous resilience research, what strengthens recovery post-loss?
a) Social withdrawal
b) Diagnostic clarity
c) Cultural identity and collective healing
d) Cognitive behavioural therapy

Answer 19

Correct Answer: c) Cultural identity and collective healing
Rationale: Resilience is supported by cultural continuity and group identity.
Source: [Usher et al., p. 7]

Question 20

Q20: What is one major difference between traditional suicide risk tools and narrative-based formulations?
a) Narrative approaches lack structure
b) Traditional tools incorporate spirituality
c) Narrative formulations account for meaning-making and social context
d) Traditional tools are more widely used by Indigenous communities

Answer 20

Correct Answer: c) Narrative formulations account for meaning-making and social context
Rationale: Narrative approaches personalise the assessment process, enhancing relevance and connection.
Source: [Pisani et al., p. 628]

Question 21

Q21: Which of the following statements reflects a cultural critique of Western grief practices?
a) Western models promote communal mourning rituals
b) Western models prioritise ancestral continuity
c) Western grief norms often silence emotional expression
d) Western grief models encourage storytelling

Answer 21

Correct Answer: c) Western grief norms often silence emotional expression
Rationale: Harris (2009) critiques the pathologising of grief and suppression of diverse mourning expressions in Western models.
Source: [Harris, 2009 – p. 245]

Question 22

Q22: What is the aim of suicide risk formulation, as distinct from prediction?
a) To categorise clients into risk levels
b) To support insurance claims
c) To collaboratively understand a person’s risk in their lived context
d) To determine mandatory reporting status

Answer 22

Correct Answer: c) To collaboratively understand a person’s risk in their lived context
Rationale: Formulation is person-centred, integrating context, patterns, and protective factors.
Source: [Pisani et al., 2016 – p. 626]

Question 23

Q23: Which aspect of grief is often overlooked in mainstream clinical settings?
a) The need for medication
b) Cultural and spiritual dimensions of loss
c) The speed of recovery
d) The availability of CBT protocols

Answer 23

Correct Answer: b) Cultural and spiritual dimensions of loss
Rationale: Western clinical models often privilege medicalised interpretations, marginalising cultural grief practices.
Source: [Lecture Part 1 – 00:17:10]

Question 24

Q24: What type of suicide risk formulation does Pisani et al. recommend?
a) Checklist-based screening
b) Static risk profiling
c) Narrative, contextual, and collaborative
d) Diagnostic coding and flagging

Answer 24

Correct Answer: c) Narrative, contextual, and collaborative
Rationale: A meaningful formulation captures change, intention, protective patterns, and risk context.
Source: [Pisani et al., 2016 – p. 628]

Question 25

Q25: According to Indigenous mental health frameworks, what is essential to long-term wellbeing? a) Independent coping strategies b) Therapeutic neutrality c) Reconnection with community and identity d) Focus on trauma exposure

Answer 25

Correct Answer: c) Reconnection with community and identity Rationale: Community belonging and cultural connection are central to Indigenous models of resilience and healing. Source: [Usher et al., 2021 – p. 5]

Question 26

Q26: Which of the following best explains the term 'decolonising grief'? a) Promoting silent mourning to show strength b) Applying Western grief models universally c) Reclaiming cultural traditions of mourning and meaning-making d) Encouraging clients to avoid ancestral practices

Answer 26

Correct Answer: c) Reclaiming cultural traditions of mourning and meaning-making Rationale: Decolonising grief means challenging imposed Western norms and restoring culturally embedded ways of mourning. Source: [Harris, 2009 – p. 244]

Question 27

Q27: According to Pisani et al. (2016), what is a limitation of traditional suicide risk prediction? a) It focuses too much on client strengths b) It neglects immediate situational triggers c) It emphasizes prevention rather than documentation d) It often falsely categorises risk without informing intervention

Answer 27

Correct Answer: d) It often falsely categorises risk without informing intervention Rationale: Pisani et al. argue that predictive approaches label risk but don’t necessarily support clinical action. Source: [Pisani et al., 2016 – p. 625]

Question 28

Q28: In risk assessment, why is 'formulation over prediction' encouraged? a) Prediction is more scientific but less practical b) Formulation allows ethical, tailored understanding of risk c) Prediction violates client privacy d) Formulation simplifies risk scoring

Answer 28

Correct Answer: b) Formulation allows ethical, tailored understanding of risk Rationale: Formulation focuses on context and meaning rather than statistical guessing. Source: [Pisani et al., 2016 – p. 626]

Question 29

Q29: What theme is central to Indigenous models of resilience in grief and trauma? a) Individual autonomy b) Structured psychodynamic therapy c) Collective strength and connection to Country d) Biomedical symptom reduction

Answer 29

Correct Answer: c) Collective strength and connection to Country Rationale: Indigenous resilience is grounded in relational and spiritual frameworks. Source: [Usher et al., 2021 – p. 4]

Question 30

Q30: According to Usher et al. (2021), what is a key method for enhancing Indigenous mental health outcomes? a) Implementing standardised grief models b) Focusing solely on individual treatment plans c) Engaging with community-led dialogue and decolonisation d) Providing rapid pharmaceutical interventions

Answer 30

Correct Answer: c) Engaging with community-led dialogue and decolonisation Rationale: Culturally respectful, collective approaches are essential in Indigenous healing practices. Source: [Usher et al., 2021 – p. 3]

Question 31

Q31: What is a potential risk of using standardised grief assessments across all populations? a) They require too much time to administer b) They can overlook culturally-specific mourning practices c) They are mostly used in hospital settings d) They are too focused on somatic symptoms

Answer 31

Correct Answer: b) They can overlook culturally-specific mourning practices Rationale: Standardised tools may not reflect diverse expressions of grief and can misclassify normative cultural responses as pathology. Source: [Harris, 2009 – p. 247]

Question 32

Q32: In assessing suicide risk, which factor is often underemphasised in traditional models? a) Past psychiatric history b) Means restriction c) Ambivalence and protective factors d) Legal responsibility

Answer 32

Correct Answer: c) Ambivalence and protective factors Rationale: Pisani et al. argue for shifting from prediction to prevention by exploring resilience and context. Source: [Pisani et al., 2016 – p. 627]

Question 33

Q33: What is the main critique Harris (2009) makes about grief counselling in Western society? a) It is based on CBT exclusively b) It overly validates emotional expression c) It marginalises non-Western grieving frameworks d) It relies too much on pharmacological treatment

Answer 33

Correct Answer: c) It marginalises non-Western grieving frameworks Rationale: Harris critiques the dominance of Eurocentric grief models that overlook cultural variation. Source: [Harris, 2009 – p. 243]

Question 34

Q34: Why is cultural humility important in grief and suicide assessment? a) It reduces administrative error b) It simplifies client intake procedures c) It acknowledges the practitioner's own cultural limitations d) It standardises intervention outcomes

Answer 34

Correct Answer: c) It acknowledges the practitioner's own cultural limitations Rationale: Cultural humility invites reflexivity and openness to client worldviews. Source: [Tutorial – 00:22:41]

Question 35

Q35: According to the Week 8 tutorial, what is one danger of applying dominant grief timelines to Indigenous clients? a) Clients may feel overwhelmed by options b) It fosters resistance to diagnosis c) It can invalidate cultural processes of mourning d) It encourages over-identification with loss

Answer 35

Correct Answer: c) It can invalidate cultural processes of mourning Rationale: Imposing dominant timelines may pathologise normal Indigenous grief responses. Source: [Tutorial – 00:27:08]