Week 7 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Choosing to join a hiking club because you enjoy outdoor risk illustrates which mechanism of social interaction?
A. Evocation
B. Manipulation
C. Selection
D. Confirmation bias
C. Selection ✅
✅ Justification: Selection refers to entering or avoiding situations based on one’s personality-driven preferences.
📚 Week 7 – Mechanisms of Social Interaction (Selection)
Couples who share similar levels of extraversion, openness, and attractiveness demonstrate the phenomenon of:
A. Complementary needs
B. Assortative mating
C. Selective break-ups
D. Reciprocity of liking
B. Assortative mating ✅
✅ Justification: Assortative mating is the non-random pairing of individuals with similar traits.
📚 Week 7 – Selection (Assortative Mating)
Interpreting an accidental bump as a deliberate shove reflects the ______ bias, often leading to aggression.
A. Availability
B. Hostile attribution
C. False consensus
D. Actor–observer
B. Hostile attribution ✅
✅ Justification: Aggressive people show a hostile attribution bias, perceiving ambiguous acts as intentional hostility.
📚 Week 7 – Evocation (Aggression)
Low agreeableness and high neuroticism in one partner often ______ anger and dissatisfaction in the other.
A. Reduce
B. Evoke
C. Prevent
D. Ignore
B. Evoke ✅
✅ Justification: These traits reliably elicit negative emotional responses from partners.
📚 Week 7 – Evocation (Negative Partner Reactions)
Intentionally using charm to persuade a friend to lend their car exemplifies which manipulation tactic?
A. Regression
B. Coercion
C. Charm
D. Hardball
C. Charm ✅
✅ Justification: Charm is a soft-influence tactic identified in the 11-factor taxonomy of manipulation.
📚 Week 7 – Manipulation (Tactics Taxonomy)
High scores on Machiavellianism are associated with which interpersonal strategy?
A. Reciprocal altruism
B. Short-term strategic exploitation
C. Extreme agreeableness
D. Total avoidance of risk
B. Short-term strategic exploitation ✅
✅ Justification: Machiavellians favour calculated manipulation for immediate gain.
📚 Week 7 – Dark Triad & Manipulation
Feeling discomfort after behaving against your stated values describes:
A. Cognitive dissonance
B. Confirmation bias
C. Self-handicapping
D. Defensive pessimism
A. Cognitive dissonance ✅
✅ Justification: Dissonance arises from inconsistency between attitudes and actions.
📚 Week 7 – Cognitive Dissonance
In the classroom pairing game, most students paired with partners:
A. Much higher in assigned “attractiveness”
B. Much lower in assigned “attractiveness”
C. At a similar attractiveness level
D. Randomly
C. At a similar attractiveness level ✅
✅ Justification: The matching hypothesis predicts preference for similarly attractive partners.
📚 Week 7 – Pairing Game (Matching Phenomenon)
Meta-analyses show men score moderately higher than women on which Big-Five facet?
A. Tender-mindedness
B. Anxiety
C. Activity level & assertiveness
D. Trust
C. Activity level & assertiveness ✅
✅ Justification: Sex-difference research finds men higher on activity/assertiveness sub-facets of Extraversion.
📚 Week 7 – Sex Differences (Big Five)
Which theory explains sex differences by proposing boys and girls are reinforced for gender-typed behaviour?
A. Hormonal theory
B. Evolutionary psychology theory
C. Socialisation / social-roles theory
D. Hormone-culture integration
C. Socialisation / social-roles theory ✅
✅ Justification: Socialisation theory attributes trait differences to culturally reinforced roles.
📚 Week 7 – Theories of Sex Differences
Across cultures, women consistently score higher than men on the trait of:
A. Psychopathy
B. Agreeableness
C. Machiavellianism
D. Activity assertiveness
B. Agreeableness ✅
✅ Justification: Women show higher trust and tender-mindedness components of Agreeableness.
📚 Week 7 – Sex Differences (Additional Findings)
The people–things dimension in vocational interests shows men tilt toward “things”-oriented jobs, whereas women tilt toward “people”-oriented jobs. This illustrates a sex difference in:
A. Emotional stability
B. Occupational preference
C. Neuroticism levels
D. Self-concealment
B. Occupational preference ✅
✅ Justification: Large effect sizes emerge for people-versus-things vocational choices.
📚 Week 7 – Vocational Interests
An environment with unpredictable food supply tends to evoke increased community food sharing—a prediction from:
A. Transmitted culture
B. Evoked culture
C. Acculturation theory
D. Whorfian hypothesis
B. Evoked culture ✅
✅ Justification: The universal mechanism for risk-buffering (sharing) is activated under resource variability.
📚 Week 7 – Evoked Culture (Cooperation)
Cultures of honour, such as in the American South, are theorised to emerge where:
A. Farming economies dominate
B. Herding economies face high theft risk
C. Coastal trade is secure
D. Urban centres impose strict policing
B. Herding economies face high theft risk ✅
✅ Justification: Portable wealth (livestock) + weak law enforcement evoke aggressive reputation defence.
📚 Week 7 – Evoked Culture (Honour & Aggression)
A person raised in an interdependent culture is more likely to describe themselves using:
A. Personal trait adjectives (“creative, smart”)
B. Social roles and relationships (“daughter, colleague”)
C. Unique abilities only
D. Purely physical descriptors
B. Social roles and relationships (“daughter, colleague”) ✅
✅ Justification: Transmitted cultural self-concepts emphasise relational roles in collectivistic societies.
📚 Week 7 – Transmitted Culture (Self-Concept)
The Whorfian hypothesis proposes that:
A. Universal emotions are recognised worldwide
B. Language shapes thought and experience
C. Emotion words are identical across cultures
D. Culture has no effect on cognition
B. Language shapes thought and experience ✅
✅ Justification: Linguistic relativity claims available words limit or guide cognition and feelings.
📚 Week 7 – Transmitted Culture (Language)
Research finds that across 30+ nations, beliefs that men are aggressive and women are nurturing constitute a:
A. Transmitted morality
B. Cultural universal of gender stereotypes
C. Culturally unique moral value
D. Recent Western myth
B. Cultural universal of gender stereotypes ✅
✅ Justification: Trait adjectives for men vs women show cross-cultural consensus.
📚 Week 7 – Cultural Universals (Sex Stereotypes)
Field studies show migrants who settle among compatriots in familiar communities tend to be more:
A. Neurotic
B. Conscientious and emotionally stable
C. Introverted and anxious
D. High in Machiavellianism
B. Conscientious and emotionally stable ✅
✅ Justification: Cultural fit buffers stress, fostering stability and diligence.
📚 Week 7 – Within-Culture Variation (Migration)
Confirmation bias in social perception involves:
A. Seeking disconfirming evidence
B. Noticing and remembering information that supports existing beliefs
C. Deliberately lying to oneself
D. Passive observation without judgement
B. Noticing and remembering information that supports existing beliefs ✅
✅ Justification: Individuals attend to confirming cues, ignoring contradictory ones.
📚 Week 7 – Evocation (Expectancy Confirmation)
Which Dark Triad trait shows the strongest link with short-term sexual strategies?
A. Narcissism
B. Machiavellianism
C. Psychopathy
D. Self-concealment
C. Psychopathy ✅
✅ Justification: High impulsivity and callousness in psychopathy align with opportunistic mating.
📚 Week 7 – Manipulation (Dark Triad & Mating)
High Machiavellians perform better in environments that are:
A. Highly rule-bound
B. Fluid and weakly structured
C. Cooperative with strict oversight
D. Dominated by collectivist norms
B. Fluid and weakly structured ✅
✅ Justification: Flexible scenarios allow strategic deception without prompt punishment.
📚 Week 7 – Machiavellianism & Context
Expectancy confirmation is also termed the:
A. Hostile attribution bias
B. Self-fulfilling prophecy
C. Matching phenomenon
D. Impact bias
B. Self-fulfilling prophecy ✅
✅ Justification: Beliefs about others evoke behaviours that confirm those beliefs.
📚 Week 7 – Evocation (Expectancy Confirmation)
Studies show confirmation bias can reinforce stereotypes because people:
A. Seek balanced evidence
B. Remember stereotype-inconsistent acts
C. Ignore evidence contradicting their expectations
D. Prefer complete accuracy
C. Ignore evidence contradicting their expectations ✅
✅ Justification: Selective attention/recall supports pre-existing views.
📚 Week 7 – Evocation (Confirmation Bias)
Short-term mating strategies are more likely in children raised with:
A. Warm, stable parenting
B. Harsh, inconsistent parenting
C. High parental investment
D. Wealth and safety
B. Harsh, inconsistent parenting ✅
✅ Justification: Unpredictable childhood environments evoke faster life-history strategies.
📚 Week 7 – Evoked Culture (Mating Strategies)
