Week 8 Flashcards
(20 cards)
In the statistical model of abnormality, a behaviour is labelled “abnormal” when it:
A. Causes personal distress
B. Deviates roughly 2.5 SDs from the population mean
C. Violates cultural rules
D. Conflicts with unconscious wishes
B. Deviates roughly 2.5 SDs from the population mean ✅
✅ Justification: The model defines abnormality as extreme deviation from the statistical average.
📚 Week 8 – Models of Abnormality (Statistical)
The DSM-5 definition of a personality disorder requires that the pattern:
A. Begins in late adulthood
B. Is situational and short-lived
C. Deviates markedly from cultural expectations
D. Causes distress but never impairment
C. Deviates markedly from cultural expectations ✅
✅ Justification: Cultural deviance plus pervasiveness, early onset, stability, and distress/impairment are mandatory.
📚 Week 8 – DSM-5 Definition
Calling psychopathy a “trait configuration” rather than a DSM-5 diagnosis highlights a limitation of the DSM categorical system:
A. Over-inclusiveness
B. Comorbidity inflation
C. Excess biological focus
D. Lack of descriptive shorthand
B. Comorbidity inflation ✅
✅ Justification: Some clinically important trait patterns fall between or across DSM categories.
📚 Week 8 – Issues with DSM (Categorical Limits)
A clinician who views personality disorders on continuous trait dimensions is using the:
A. Categorical approach
B. Dimensional approach
C. Medical model exclusively
D. Pure sociocultural model
B. Dimensional approach ✅
✅ Justification: Dimensional models treat traits as continua rather than discrete categories.
📚 Week 8 – Dimensional Approach
Ego-syntonic symptoms are best described as experiences that a person:
A. Finds distressing and alien
B. Sees as inconsistent with self
C. Perceives as part of who they are
D. Recognises as hallucinations
C. Perceives as part of who they are ✅
✅ Justification: Ego-syntonic traits feel congruent with one’s identity, reducing insight.
📚 Week 8 – Ego-Syntonic vs Ego-Dystonic
Which DSM-5 cluster is memorably dubbed “Mad” in the “Mad–Bad–Sad” mnemonic?
A. Cluster A (Odd/Eccentric)
B. Cluster B (Dramatic/Erratic)
C. Cluster C (Anxious/Fearful)
D. None—“Mad” refers to all clusters
A. Cluster A (Odd/Eccentric) ✅
✅ Justification: Cluster A disorders (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal) are grouped as “Mad.”
📚 Week 8 – PD Clusters
Detachment from social relationships without a strong desire for them is characteristic of:
A. Avoidant PD
B. Schizoid PD
C. Borderline PD
D. Dependent PD
B. Schizoid PD ✅
✅ Justification: Schizoid individuals are apathetic toward closeness, unlike avoidant who crave it.
📚 Week 8 – Cluster A Overviews
An enduring pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy defines:
A. Histrionic PD
B. Narcissistic PD
C. Antisocial PD
D. Obsessive-Compulsive PD
B. Narcissistic PD ✅
✅ Justification: These are the three core features of narcissistic personality disorder.
📚 Week 8 – Cluster B (NPD)
Which personality disorder is most closely linked to childhood conduct disorder and requires evidence of it before age 15 for diagnosis?
A. Psychopathy
B. Antisocial PD
C. Borderline PD
D. Schizotypal PD
B. Antisocial PD ✅
✅ Justification: DSM-5 criteria for ASPD include a history of conduct disorder.
📚 Week 8 – Antisocial PD Criteria
Fear of separation and difficulty making everyday decisions without reassurance typify:
A. Paranoid PD
B. Dependent PD
C. Avoidant PD
D. Obsessive-Compulsive PD
B. Dependent PD ✅
✅ Justification: Excessive need to be cared for is hallmark of Dependent PD.
📚 Week 8 – Cluster C (Dependent)
Compared with antisocial personality disorder, psychopathy uniquely emphasises:
A. Repeated unlawful acts
B. Lack of remorse
C. Superficial charm and callous affect
D. Early conduct problems only
C. Superficial charm and callous affect ✅
✅ Justification: Psychopathy adds affective/interpersonal features beyond ASPD’s behaviours.
📚 Week 8 – Psychopathy vs ASPD
A client who both wants close relationships and avoids them due to feelings of inadequacy likely meets criteria for:
A. Schizoid PD
B. Avoidant PD
C. Dependent PD
D. Histrionic PD
B. Avoidant PD ✅
✅ Justification: Avoidant PD pairs social desire with hypersensitivity to criticism and withdrawal.
📚 Week 8 – Avoidant vs Schizoid Comparison
Which model of abnormality would label extreme perfectionism “abnormal” only if it leads to distress or impairment?
A. Statistical
B. Medical
C. Impairment
D. Psychodynamic
C. Impairment ✅
✅ Justification: Impairment model focuses on harmful outcomes, not deviance per se.
📚 Week 8 – Models of Abnormality (Impairment)
Twin studies suggest the highest heritability among the Cluster A disorders is found for:
A. Paranoid PD
B. Schizoid PD
C. Schizotypal PD
D. Avoidant PD
C. Schizotypal PD ✅
✅ Justification: Schizotypal shares genetic risk with schizophrenia spectrum.
📚 Week 8 – Genetic Factors
Prototypes of “mad–bad–sad” cluster labels correspond respectively to:
A. A = Dramatic; B = Odd; C = Anxious
B. A = Odd; B = Dramatic; C = Anxious
C. A = Anxious; B = Odd; C = Dramatic
D. A = Odd; B = Anxious; C = Dramatic
B. A = Odd; B = Dramatic; C = Anxious ✅
✅ Justification: “Mad” (odd), “Bad” (dramatic), “Sad” (anxious) helps recall clusters A-B-C.
📚 Week 8 – Cluster Memory Aid
DBT’s success in reducing self-harm in borderline PD supports which theoretical model of its origin?
A. Pure genetic defect
B. Learned helplessness only
C. Emotion-dysregulation and skill-deficit model
D. Solely unconscious conflict
C. Emotion-dysregulation and skill-deficit model ✅
✅ Justification: DBT targets emotion regulation and interpersonal skills, key deficits posited in BPD.
📚 Week 8 – Learning Activity 8.1 (DBT)
A categorical PD diagnosis may misclassify someone just below threshold. This illustrates the problem of:
A. Cultural bias
B. Arbitrary cut-off points
C. Over-reliance on genes
D. Lack of trait continua
B. Arbitrary cut-off points ✅
✅ Justification: Meeting 4/7 criteria vs 5/7 can hide clinically significant impairment.
📚 Week 8 – Issues with DSM Categorical
The term beta press in Murray’s theory refers to:
A. Objective features of a situation
B. Subjective interpretation of an event
C. Physiological stress response
D. Genetic predisposition
B. Subjective interpretation of an event ✅
✅ Justification: Beta press = how the individual perceives environmental press.
📚 Week 8 – Press Concepts (review link to motives)
Which PD is most frequently confused with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) although anxiety is not required for diagnosis?
A. Avoidant PD
B. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)
C. Borderline PD
D. Schizotypal PD
B. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) ✅
✅ Justification: OCPD centres on perfectionism/control without intrusive obsessions.
📚 Week 8 – OCPD vs OCD
The DSM-5 general criteria require evidence that the maladaptive pattern is pervasive and inflexible across:
A. One narrowly defined context
B. Many social and personal contexts
C. Work settings only
D. Family relationships only
B. Many social and personal contexts ✅
✅ Justification: Criterion B demands cross-situational consistency.
📚 Week 8 – General PD Criteria
