Week 8

Question 1

Define Differential diagnosis

Answer 1

Differentiating between two or more conditions that share similar signs and symptoms

Question 2

Define Incidental findings

Answer 2

findings you discover while performing an exam that are NOT related to the venous system

Question 3

What are popliteal cysts?

Answer 3

cysts that form in the popliteal fossa behind the knee

Question 4

What is patient sign of a popliteal cyst?

Answer 4

swelling and pain behind the knee

Question 5

What is a Baker’s cyst and where is it found?

Answer 5

• a collection of synovial fluid that leaks from the knee joint, crescent shaped
• found behind the knee medial to the popliteal vessels

Question 6

How should you document a Baker’s cyst?

Answer 6

• Measure in trans and long with calipers
• Use color and doppler to show lack of blood flow
• Get an image of the cyst with the popliteal vessels to show relative location
• Ensure the cyst does not communicate with any veins or arteries

Question 7

What is a muscle tear?

Answer 7

a tear in a muscle due to strenuous or extreme activity

Question 8

How should you document a Muscle tear?

Answer 8

• Measure size in trans and long
• Show and annotate location
• Show lack of color and doppler flow

Question 9

What is Lymphedema?

Answer 9

A condition that occurs when there is a blockage or obstruction in the lymphatic system causing a build up of lymph and causing extreme swelling

Question 10

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 10

drains fluid from the body and allows immune cells to travel in the body

Question 11

Why do patients with lymphedema present to the vascular lab?

Answer 11

to rule out DVT

Question 12

What is a key tell to start thinking a patient has lymphedema?

Answer 12

extreme swelling of the leg with the foot NOT swollen

Question 13

What is another name for lymphedema?

Answer 13

elephantitis

Question 14

What is lymphedema commonly misdiagnosed as?

Answer 14

Venous edema

Question 15

How does lymphedema appear on duplex?

Answer 15

thick subcutaneous tissue with a speckled/grainy appearance

Question 16

What is adenopathy?

Answer 16

enlargement of lymph nodes anywhere in the body, can occur due to CA, infection, or inflammatory Dz

Question 17

What are the symptoms of adenopathy?

Answer 17

swelling, pain over site of enlarge lymph node, palpable lump or lumps in the groin, neck, or axilla

Question 18

How should you document an enlarged lymph node?

Answer 18

• size
• any blood flow
• any compression to adjacent veins

Question 19

What is a Hematoma?

Answer 19

a collection of coagulated blood with the soft tissue

Question 20

How should you document a hematoma?

Answer 20

• size
• Heterogeneous or homogeneous echoes
• any extrinsic compression of surrounding vessels
• any blood flow by color and doppler

Question 21

What is superficial tissue edema?

Answer 21

pitting edema resulting from superficial subcutaneous fluid build-up

Question 22

What condition commonly results in Superficial tissue edema?

Answer 22

CHF

Question 23

What grade of pitting edema has: 2 millimeter (mm) depression, or barely visible with immediate rebound?

Answer 23

Grade 1

Question 24

What grade of pitting edema has: 5-6 mm depression with 10-30 seconds rebound?

Answer 24

Grade 3

Question 25

What grade of pitting edema has: 3-4 mm depression, or a slight indentation with 15 seconds or less rebound?

Answer 25

Grade 2

Question 26

What grade of pitting edema has: 8 mm depression, or a very deep indentation with more than 20 seconds rebound time?

Answer 26

Grade 4

Question 27

What are 6 causes of edema?

Answer 27

right sided heart failure, CHF, renal dz, medication (NSAIDS), prolonged sitting or standing, chemotherapy

Question 28

What is cellulitis?

Answer 28

a diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Question 29

What are some characteristics of cellulitis?

Answer 29

heat, erythema, pain, swelling, possibly fever, common diff. diagnosis vs DVT

Question 30

TRUE/FALSE. It is a common occurrence to have both a DVT and cellulitis.

Answer 30

FALSE. Uncommon to have both due to increased blood flow resulting from infection

Question 31

What is a key tell for cellulitis?

Answer 31

RED skin, painful to touch

Question 32

What are two treatments for cellulitis?

Answer 32

ABX and elevation

Question 33

What is superficial venous phlebitis?

Answer 33

inflammation over a vein occurring with pain and warmth, can be felt as palpable cord, treated with moist heat and aspirin

Question 34

Grade 1 pitting edema = __________

Answer 34

2 millimeter (mm) depression, or barely visible with immediate rebound

Question 35

Grade 2 pitting edema = ___________

Answer 35

3-4 mm depression, or a slight indentation with 15 seconds or less rebound

Question 36

Grade 3 pitting edema = ___________

Answer 36

5-6 mm depression with 10-30 seconds rebound

Question 37

Grade 4 pitting edema = ___________

Answer 37

8 mm depression, or a very deep indentation with more than 20 seconds rebound time