Week 9 Flashcards
(27 cards)
why is vision hard?
Because there are an infinite number of 3D scenes that could give rise to a particular 2D image.
Physiology
Single Cell Electrophysiology - what do neurons respond to?
how much of the brain is responsible for some visual function?
about half
Optical Imaging
What do groups of neurons respond to?
only works if nearby neurons have similar preferences
Parallel Pathways
Temporal pathway - what pathway goes down, identifying objects
Parietal pathway - what pathway goes up, spacial and interactional
Microstimulation
how does the animal respond when we stimulate?
V1
primary visual cortex which begins processing color
visual perception can be influenced by:
- prior experience
- surrounding visual scene
- prior exposure (McCollough Effect)
- learned familiarity (Thatcher effects)
- concurrent input in other sensory modalities (McGurk Demo mouth speak one thing hear other)
psychophysics
observe and analyze illusions
observe and analyze people with brain damages
computational modeling
Make models that do similar things and see how they work. start with learning rules and see what happens.
Why is computational Models important?
- help us understand problems the brain is solving
- force us to be specific in our theories
- motivated by biological findings but usually not enough information t fully constrain the models
Time
truly abstract, cannot manipulate it, used as an idea
3 spacial frames
object centered, ego centered, geocentric
object centered
the pig is in front of the cow (object relation)
ego centered
the pig is right of the cow (focusing on the observer)
geocentric
the pig is east of the cow (using coordination)
two types of time
deictic time, sequence time
deictic time
also called tense time
- past and further are relative to the present
- “The week ahead looks good”
sequence time
also called timeless time
- earlier/later than relationships
- “Tuesday is before Thursday”
How is deictic time constructed?
- Cross culturally widespread ego centered pattern that preserves transitivity
- Attested through linguistic analysis and psychological experiments
- Also evident in sign languages
How is deictic time constructed?
- Cross culturally widespread ego centered pattern that preserves transitivity
- Attested through linguistic analysis and psychological experiments
- Also evident in sign languages
True or False time is constructed in a 1D space
True
Aymara - Morpheme by morpheme gloss:
- Expression talking about the past that uses a word for seeing something in front of you.
- Expression talking about the future using a morpheme suggesting back/behind
Aymara - co-speech gestures
- gesturing froward when talking about past
- gesturing down then talking about this/now
- gesturing back when talking about the future
