Week 9 Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
What 2 assumptions are Psychological Theories of Deviance & Crime based on?
A
- Assumption of offender deficit
- Assumption of discriminating traits
2
Q
Which two personality traits are offenders more likely to have compared to non-offenders?
A
Impulsivity, Aggression
3
Q
What does the assumption of offender deficit mean?
A
Something is psychologically wrong with the offender
4
Q
Antisocial Personality Disorder is an example of which assumption?
A
Assumption of offender deficit
5
Q
What is known as the “pleasure principle?”
A
Id
6
Q
Are people born with the id, ego, or superego?
A
Id
7
Q
“If it feels good, do it” represents which aspect of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory?
A
Id
8
Q
The Id is compulsive, ____________ and pleasure _____________.
A
unconscious; seeking
9
Q
Which aspect of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory keeps us in check?
A
Superego
10
Q
Which aspect of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory do we learn through socialization?
A
Superego
11
Q
Which aspect of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory do societal norms represent?
A
Superego
12
Q
“Wait your turn” describe which aspect of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory?
A
Superego
13
Q
The superego consists of internalized _________ restraints.
A
Societal
14
Q
The ego balances the _____ and ______________ in cognitive, _______________ thought.
A
Id; Superego; conscious
15
Q
Having a healthy ego equals a healthy _____________.
A
personality
16
Q
According to Freud’s stages of Psychosexual Development, we are born with a ______ __________ but the ____________ of it changes as we grow up.
A
sex drive; focus
17
Q
What are the 5 stages of Freud’s psychosexual development?
A
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
- Latent
- Genital
18
Q
Which stage does potty training occur?
A
Anal
19
Q
Which stage is related to breastfeeding?
A
Oral
20
Q
Who is considered a “bad mother” in the oral stage?
A
One who doesn’t respond to her hungry child
21
Q
What is the “ideal mother” in the oral stage?
A
“Kind” presentation of breast feeding (hold baby close, speak softly, wrap in blanket…)
22
Q
What is the term used in the oral stage to reference a mother who is not bad nor ideal?
A
“Good enough mothering”
23
Q
In the Anal stage, when/why does anxious personality arise?
A
If parents did not adequately help child to work through frustrations of toilet training
24
Q
What do you begin learning in the Phallic stage?
A
Stimulating the genital area produces satisfaction
25
Which stage is the most controversial of Freud's psychosexual development stages?
Phallic
26
Which stage occurs from age 3-6?
Phallic
27
What does Oedipus Complex refer to, according to Freud?
Young boys fantasies about killing their father & taking their mothers as objects of their sexual desire
28
At what stage does Oedipus Complex possibly* occur?
Phallic
29
Deviant behaviour can result from the Id being too _________ or the superego being ______________.
strong; underdeveloped
30
According to the Psychoanalytic Theory & Female Deviance, women suffer from "________ ________."
penis envy
31
T/F : Psychoanalytic treatment aimed at helping women accept their appropriate sex roles as a wife + mother.
T
32
T/F : Psychoanalyti treatment want to help women see that they have more power than men.
F
33
Psychoanalytic treatment aimed at helping a woman accept her _________________ status.
secondary
34
T/F : All criminals suffer from guilt or anxiety.
F
35
According to the gender bias critque of Psychoanalytic theories, women's deviance is ____________ while men's is much more ___________.
minor; damaging
36
What are the 3 criticism of Psychoanalytic Theories?
1. Gender Bias
2. Unscientific
3. Tautological (goes in circles)
37
T/F : You can get Psychoanalytic treatment in NA.
F
38
The Evolutionary Theory of Deviance suggest we are all driven to ensure the ___________ of our _________ material.
survival; genetic
39
"Women have successfully chosen aggressive men" represents what theory of deviance?
Evolutionary
40
According to the Evolutionary Theory of Deviance, what has led men to become more aggressive than women?
Women seeking out men who are big and tough and can protect her + her child
41
According to Forensic Evolutionary Psychology, why are men more aggressive and antisocial?
Because they need to compete with other men to increase their mating opportunities + survival
42
Today men are more likely to be ____________ and __________ compared to women in the Criminal Justice System.
aggressive; violent
43
According to Forensic Evolutionary Psychology, why are women less aggressive and risk taking than men?
Because they need to take care of their children
44
What are the 3 criticisms of Evolutionary Theory?
1. Normalizes, legitimatizes and excuses deviant behaviour
2. Suggests deviant behaviour is predetermined
3. Hypothetical + difficult to test since it's based on early humans
45
What age does the Preconventional Stage of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development occur?
3-7
46
What 2 morals make up Kohlberg's Preconventional Stage of Moral Development?
1. Avoid punishment
2. Obtain rewards
47
What stage is someone in if they have the desire to obey / conform to social norms?
Preconventional
48
"Just because she is dying does not give her husband the right to steal medication" would be a comment made by someone in the _________ stage.
Preconventional
49
What are the 2 morals in Kohlberg's Conventional Stage of Moral Development?
1. Belong and be accepted
2. Obey rules and regulationis
50
"It is not okay lawfully, but I guess it is better than her dying" would be a comment made in the ______________ stage.
Conventional
51
"Yes and no" references which of Kohlberg's stages?
Conventional
52
What ages does the Conventional stage occur?
8-13
53
What would a young teenage think of a husband stealing the cure for his wife's terminal cancer?
They would possibly see why he did it, but they would still think it is not right
54
What are the 2 morals that make up Kohlberg's Post-conventional Stage of Moral Development?
1. Make and keep promises
2. Live moral imperatives
55
At what stage would someone judge a husband stealing medication for his wife's terminal cancer unilaterally wrong and right?
Preconventional
56
One criticism of Kohlberg's Theory on Moral Development is that there is no theory as to why some people get stick in the ___________________ stage.
preconventional
57
Women are more _____-oriented in making social decisions while men are more _______-oriented.
care; justice
58
T/F : Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development addresses possible reasons for delayed moral development.
F
59
Does a lower level of moral reasoning predispose all individuals to offend?
Unknown
60
One criticism of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development is that it does not clarify ____________________________________________.
whether a lower level of moral reasoning predisposes all individuals to offend
61
According to the Cognitive Information-Processing Theory, behaviour is a result of a 3 step thought process. What is step 1?
Encode / interpret the situation
62
According to the Cognitive Information-Processing Theory, behaviour is a result of a 3 step thought process. What is step 2?
Search for best response
63
According to the Cognitive Information-Processing Theory, behaviour is a result of a 3 step thought process. What is step 3?
Act on decision
64
In step 1 of the Cognitive Information-Processing Theory, behaviour is heavily reliant on how we __________ a situation.
interpret
65
________________ the situation sets forth a series of deviant actions.
Misinterpreting
66
Aggressivity may be the result of using _________ incorrectly when making decisions.
information
67
What is a script?
A predetermined, stereotypes sequence of actions that define a well-known situation
68
What 3 things make criminal scripts different from scripts?
1. Goal of looking for criminal opportunities
2. Criminally-motivated perceptions
3. Self-serving cognitions to justify their actions
69
What part of a criminal script does the following represent: believing that an open purse sitting in an abandoned cart in the grocery store makes it okay to steal their wallet.
Self-serving cognitions to justify actions
70
A mental, behavioural, or emotional disorder that results in functional impairement which substaintially interfere with or limits one more major life activity is referred to as?
Serious mental illness
71
_____% of adults have a mental disorder in any given year.
20
72
By age 40, ____% of Canadians have had a mental disorder at some point in their lives.
50
73
What percent of Canadians will have had a mental disorder at some point in their lives by age 90?
65-70%
74
What is the most common mental disorders? (Hint: there are 2)
Mood & Anxiety Disorders
75
What is the second most common mental disorder?
Substance Use Disorders
76
What is the third most common mental disorder?
Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
77
Which mental disorder does 6% of the population have?
Substance Use Disorder
78
What percent of the population suffers from mood & anxiety disorders?
~12%
79
Less than 1% of the population is diagnosed with _________________.
Schizophrenia
80
Schizophrenia may cause bizarre or non-bizarre _____________.
delusions
81
What is the symptom of schizophrenia that describes frequent derailment of language or incoherent communication?
Disorganized speech
82
For someone to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia, they must have continuous disturbance for ____ months.
6
83
Which 2 symptoms of psychosis are most common?
1. Hallucinations
2. Delusions
84
"Someone is out to get me" describes which type of delusion?
Paranoid
85
Which delusion is most common?
Paranoid
86
"Someone is watching me" describes which type of delusion?
Paranoid
87
During a grandeur delusion, we believe we are something __________ than what we are.
bigger
88
Which delusion is most often present in the manic stage of Bipolar Disorder?
Grandeur
89
At what age are men most commonly diagnosed with Schizophrenia?
18
90
At what age are women most commonly diagnosed with Schizophrenia?
28
91
Many individuals who are experiencing delusions get feelings of _____.
fear
92
Genetics account for ____% of the risk of developing Schizophrenia.
50
93
Etiology of Schizeophrenia is effected by ___________ nutrition.
maternal
94
First and second generation immigrants are at a higher risk of developing _______________.
Psychosis / Schizophrenia
95
Mothers who experience death of a close relative during their first trimester are at a higher risk of experiencing which disorder?
Psychosis / Schizophrenia
96
Perinatal complications, including exposure to toxins, can cause what disorder?
Psychosis / Schizophrenia
97
________ disorders are caused by gender, age, abuse, isolation, and stress, to name a few.
Affective
