week 9

Question 1

diagnosis of schizophrenia

Answer 1

two (or more) of the following. at least one should be 1-3

1. delusions
2. hallucinations
3. disorganised speech
4. grossly disorganised or catatonic behavioour
5. negative symtoms eg avolition

Question 2

whats a positive symptoms

Answer 2

one appear to reflect an excess of normal functions (obvious)

Question 3

what negative symptoms q

Answer 3

one appear to reflect a diminution or loos of normal function eg totally withdrawn

Question 4

whats examples of positive symptoms

Answer 4

hallucinations
delusions
disorganised thought processes
bizarre behaviours

Question 5

whats examples of negative symptoms

Answer 5

social withdrawal
flat affect (blunted emotional responses)

Question 6

whats four domains of psychopathology of schizophrenia

Answer 6

positive symtoms
negative symptoms
mood symptoms
neurocognitive symtoms

Question 7

whats mood symptoms of schizohprenia

Answer 7

anxiety, sucidality

Question 8

whats neurocognitvie symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 8

distractibility
learning deficits
memory deficits
abstract thinking impairment

Question 9

potential causes of schizophrenia

Answer 9

environmental factors eg alcohol and drugs
genetic links
malnutrition in prenatal stage
prenatal exposure to influencer 
childhood trauma 
cannabis greater exposure, greater risk

Question 10

when is onset usually occur

Answer 10

in adolescence

Question 11

observed differences in the brain

Answer 11

• loss of Gray mater
• larger ventricles
• *hippocampus, amygdala smaller (limbic system)
• • disorganised neuron connections are erratic
• *shrinkage of cerebellum
• thicker corpus callous

Question 12

neurotransmitter with schizophrenia

Answer 12

evidence of excessive activation of dopaminergic circitrs

possible glutamate inactivity

Question 13

overactivity of meoscorticolimbic system (connection between limbic system with frontal cortex)

Answer 13

contribute to disorder thought emotion and behaviour

Question 14

treatment of schizophrenia

Answer 14

include 
- medication, 
- psychological treatment eg cognitive behaviours therapy 
- community support 
not everyone is responsive to medicaiton

Question 15

prevalence of schizophrenia

Answer 15

2.5 cases per 1000 in Australia

Question 16

whats delusions

Answer 16

Persecutory delusions (ie belief that one s going to be harmed, harassed by an individual or group)
Referential delusions (ie belief that certain gestures, comments or environmental cues are directed at oneself) 
Grandiose delusions (i.e., when an individual believes that he or she has exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame) 
erotomaniac delusions (i.e., when an individual believes falsely that another person is in love with him or her) are also seen.

Question 17

whats hallucinations

Answer 17

Perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus. They are vivid and clear
Auditory hallucinations are most common in schizophrenia.

Question 18

whats catatonic behaviour

Answer 18

Catatonic behaviour is a marked decrease in reactivity to the environment.
Although catatonia has historically been associated with schizophrenia, catatonic symptoms are nonspecific and may occur in other mental disorders (e.g., bipolar).