Week 9 - Lecture 9 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the definition of Play?
Spontaneous, enjoyable activity with means–ends decoupling; often purposeless yet developmentally critical.
What is the definition of Creativity?
Tendency to generate or recognise ideas, alternatives or possibilities useful for problem-solving, communication and entertainment.
What are the characteristics of Functional Play?
Repetitive or exploratory actions with objects, no non-literal elements.
What are the characteristics of Pretend (Symbolic) Play?
Non-literal use of objects/actions, creation of an imagined scenario, involves meta-representation.
What is the developmental trajectory of play from 1-2 years?
Mostly functional play.
What is the developmental trajectory of play from 2-4 years?
Rapid increase in symbolic play, up to ~25 min/hr at age 4.
What reflects a decline in pretend play after age 4?
School entry, not loss of play capacity.
How does Pretend play relate to creativity?
Provides a sandbox for testing novel roles, rules, perspectives.
What is the correlation between imaginary companions and creativity?
Imaginary companions correlate with higher creativity scores in childhood and adulthood.
What is the definition of Theory of Mind (ToM)?
A commonsense understanding that mental states drive behaviour.
What is a Change-of-Location false-belief task?
Child must infer that Sally will look where she last placed an object, not where it currently is.
What is a Surprise-Contents false-belief task?
A tub of Band-Aids actually contains crayons; child predicts another’s belief.
At what age do children typically fail false-belief tasks?
3 years.
At what age do passing rates for false-belief tasks rise sharply?
4–5 years.
What is the Rich Account of the relationship between Pretend Play and Theory of Mind?
Meta-representation: Holding two representations (reality + pretend) concurrently.
What does the Lean Account suggest about Pretend Play and Theory of Mind?
They correlate via social experience, not shared mechanism.
What empirical correlation exists between symbolic play and false-belief task success?
Positive correlations found between amount/type of symbolic play and false-belief task success.
What are the core features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Neurological differences in social communication, restricted interests, repetitive behaviours.
What are some unique strengths often reported by autistic individuals?
Detail focus, persistence, creativity.
What trend is observed in the prevalence of autism diagnoses globally?
Rising diagnosis rates partly driven by greater awareness, broader diagnostic criteria, and improved access.
Why do Indigenous communities often report lower diagnosis rates of autism?
Reflecting different cultural perceptions of ‘difference’ and systemic barriers.
What early observation was made about pretend play in autistic children?
Reduced spontaneous symbolic play.
What does ‘scaffolded’ pretend play suggest about autistic children?
Many can engage in pretend play under instruction, suggesting propensity rather than capacity differences.
What classic finding is associated with Theory of Mind in autistic individuals?
Lower pass rates on false-belief tasks (~33%).
