Week_11_-_Full_80_Flashcards

Question 1

Which of the following describes a characteristic of the trace minerals?

Answer 1

The amounts of trace minerals in foods are dependent, in part, on soil composition.

Question 2

Which two trace minerals compete for absorption?

Answer 2

Zinc and copper

Question 3

Which of the following is a protein that carries iron through the circulation to the tissues?

Answer 3

Transferrin

Question 4

Which of the following characteristics is shared by zinc and iron?

Answer 4

Proteins in the blood are needed for their transport.

Question 5

Which protein is associated with zinc function?

Answer 5

Metallothionein: a major zinc binding protein

Question 6

Which of the following describes a feature of zinc in nutrition?

Answer 6

Pancreatic enzymes are rich in zinc

Question 7

What is the chief transport substance for zinc in the circulation?

Answer 7

Albumin

Question 8

Which mineral is critical to the synthesis of thyroxine?

Answer 8

Iodine

Question 9

One of the thyroid gland hormones is called

Answer 9

Thyroxine

Question 10

What is an important function of selenium?

Answer 10

It inhibits the formation of free radicals

Question 11

Selenium has functions similar to which vitamin?

Answer 11

Vitamin E

Question 12

Which mineral is a cofactor in haemoglobin formation?

Answer 12

Copper

Question 13

Menkes’ and Wilson’s diseases result from abnormal utilisation of:

Answer 13

Copper

Question 14

Which function involves manganese?

Answer 14

Antioxidant activity

Question 15

Most likely cause of manganese toxicity?

Answer 15

Inhalation of dust contaminated with manganese

Question 16

What is glucose tolerance factor?

Answer 16

A cytosolic complex which enhances insulin binding

Question 17

What is the role of chromium?

Answer 17

It is a component of glucose tolerance factor

Question 18

Which of the following foods is a good source of chromium?

Answer 18

Mushrooms

Question 19

Which is a feature of fluoride in nutrition?

Answer 19

Fish and tea are good sources

Question 20

Excess fluoride causes:

Answer 20

Discoloured enamel of the teeth

Question 21

Legumes are an excellent source of:

Answer 21

Molybdenum

Question 22

Lead accumulation interferes with which minerals?

Answer 22

Iron and calcium

Question 23

Oxygen-carrying protein in muscle cells?

Answer 23

Myoglobin

Question 24

All enhance iron absorption, except:

Answer 24

Calcium from milk

Question 25

Iron storage reservoir compound?

Answer 25

Ferritin

Question 26

Iron absorption advice for vegetarians?

Answer 26

Eat non-haem iron sources with a glass of orange juice

Question 27

All reduce iron absorption, except:

Answer 27

Sugars

Question 28

What is hepcidin?

Answer 28

A liver-derived hormone that helps regulate iron absorption and transport

Question 29

Iron overload condition?

Answer 29

Haemochromatosis

Question 30

Least susceptible group to iron-deficiency anaemia?

Answer 30

Men of 20–45 years of age

Question 31

Stages of iron deficiency?

Answer 31

Iron stores decline – iron transport diminishes – haemoglobin synthesis falls

Question 32

Anaemia from iron deficiency?

Answer 32

Microcytic hypochromic

Question 33

Zinc function exception?

Answer 33

Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 34

Condition leading to copper deficiency?

Answer 34

Excess zinc

Question 35

Best iodine policy?

Answer 35

Fortify soy sauce with iodine

Question 36

Glutathione peroxidase trace element?

Answer 36

Selenium

Question 37

Iodine deficiency in pregnancy causes:

Answer 37

Cretinism

Question 38

Iodine deficiency can cause:

Answer 38

Goitre

Question 39

Lead characteristic?

Answer 39

Blood concentrations correlate with low IQ scores

Question 40

Lead interferes with all except:

Answer 40

Selenium

Question 41

Mercury detoxifier?

Answer 41

Selenium

Question 42

Mercury toxicity source?

Answer 42

Consuming seafoods

Question 43

Only heavy metal with possible essential role?

Answer 43

Arsenic

Question 44

Main aluminium exposure?

Answer 44

Cookware

Question 45

Toxic metal linked to prostate disease?

Answer 45

Cadmium

Question 46

Cadmium sources except:

Answer 46

Processed foods

Question 47

Arsenic may promote:

Answer 47

Bone formation

Question 48

Nickel may promote:

Answer 48

Immunity

Question 49

Pregnant women & lead exposure?

Answer 49

Calcium to keep the lead from mobilising

Question 50

Zinc helps detox metals by:

Answer 50

Metallothionein synthesis

Question 51

What is the main role of trace minerals in the body?

Answer 51

They act as cofactors for enzymes and support essential physiological functions.

Question 52

Why is soil composition important for trace mineral content in food?

Answer 52

Because minerals in plants reflect the mineral content of the soil they were grown in.

Question 53

Name three key trace minerals.

Answer 53

Iron, zinc, selenium.

Question 54

Why are trace mineral deficiencies difficult to identify?

Answer 54

They often present with non-specific or subtle symptoms.

Question 55

What is the role of transferrin?

Answer 55

It transports iron in the blood.

Question 56

How is iron stored in the body?

Answer 56

As ferritin and haemosiderin.

Question 57

How does vitamin C affect iron?

Answer 57

Enhances absorption of non-haem iron.

Question 58

What is the role of iodine?

Answer 58

It is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis.

Question 59

What is cretinism?

Answer 59

A condition caused by iodine deficiency during pregnancy.

Question 60

Name two symptoms of zinc deficiency.

Answer 60

Poor wound healing and delayed sexual maturation.

Question 61

What food is high in selenium?

Answer 61

Brazil nuts.

Question 62

What does selenium do in the body?

Answer 62

Functions as an antioxidant through glutathione peroxidase.

Question 63

Name one function of copper.

Answer 63

Involved in haemoglobin formation.

Question 64

What is Wilson’s disease?

Answer 64

A genetic disorder causing copper accumulation.

Question 65

What is chromium’s function?

Answer 65

Enhances insulin function.

Question 66

Which mineral deficiency causes goitre?

Answer 66

Iodine.

Question 67

Why is manganese toxic via inhalation?

Answer 67

It can accumulate in the brain and cause neurotoxicity.

Question 68

How does fluoride help teeth?

Answer 68

Strengthens enamel and prevents caries.

Question 69

What is the toxicity of excessive fluoride called?

Answer 69

Fluorosis.

Question 70

Which mineral helps prevent heavy metal toxicity?

Answer 70

Zinc, via metallothionein.

Question 71

How does mercury cause harm?

Answer 71

Interferes with the nervous system.

Question 72

What is haemochromatosis?

Answer 72

A genetic condition of iron overload.

Question 73

What does molybdenum do?

Answer 73

Supports enzyme function.

Question 74

How does cadmium impact health?

Answer 74

Linked to kidney damage and prostate issues.

Question 75

What is the source of arsenic exposure?

Answer 75

Contaminated water and rice.

Question 76

Why are vegetarians at higher risk of iron deficiency?

Answer 76

Non-haem iron is less bioavailable.

Question 77

How do antacids affect mineral absorption?

Answer 77

Can reduce absorption of iron and zinc.

Question 78

What organ produces hepcidin?

Answer 78

The liver.

Question 79

Which trace element supports thyroid hormone production?

Answer 79

Iodine.

Question 80

What are metallothioneins?

Answer 80

Proteins that bind metals and regulate absorption.