Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Haemotology > White Blood Cells > Flashcards

White Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are granulocytes

A

Neutrophils Basophils Eosinophils All contain granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some myeloid growth factors

A

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor Macrophage colony stimulating factor Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Granulocyte maturation

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Facts about the neutrophil

A

Nucleus is segmented

Survives 7-10 hr in blood

It phagocytoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is chemotaxis

A

Migration to tissues

Adhere to vessel lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do neutrophils phagocytose

A

Superoxide dependent

Oxygen independent - antimicrobial enzymes released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Facts about eosinophil

A

Defence against parasitic infection

Less time in circualtion

Phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Facts about basophil

A

Granules that contain histamine and heparin

Involved in a variety of immune and inflammatory reponse

Modulates inflammatory responses by releasing heparin and proteases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Facts about monocytes

A

Spend several days in circulation

Phagocytosis

Antigen presentation

Travel to the tissue where they develop into macrophages/histiocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Facts about macrophages

A

Phagocytic and scavenging function

Store and release iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Photo of B lymphocytes

A

Also known as plasma cell

Nucleus towards edge of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are NK cells

A

Can kill tumour cells and virus infected cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Can T and B cells be distinguished

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to distinguish lymphocytes

A

Cell markers

Immunoglobins

T cell receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the definition of leukcytosis

A

Too many white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the definition of leukopenia

A

Reduction in the total number of white cells

17
Q

Facts about neutrophilia

A

Causes: infection, inflammation and tissue damage, myeloproliferative disorder (chronic myeloid leukemia)

Pregnancy

Exercise

Corticosteroids

Maybe be accompanied by toxic changes (toxic granulation)

May be more precursors in the blood film - left shift (due to increased neutrophil production)

18
Q

What happens when someone has chronic myeloid leukaemia

A

Increase in all granulocytes

Translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22

Abnormally short chromosome 22

19
Q

What is the genetic background of CML

A

ABL1 gene normally codes for tyrosine kinase

BCR-ABL1 encodes for a protein with unctrolled tyrosine kinase activity

20
Q

What are the symptoms of CML

A

Enlarged spleen

21
Q

How can we cure CML

A

Have specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors

22
Q

Facts of neutropenia

A

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy (surpress activity of bone marrow)

Autoimmune diseases

Bacterial infections

Viral infections

Drugs - antipsychotic, anticonvulsant, antimalarials

Ethnic background

At risk of series infection

23
Q

What is neutrophil hypersegmentation

A

Normally 3 to 5 lobes

Increase in neutrophil lobes - right shift

Normally due to lack of vitamin B12 or folic acid

24
Q

Facts about eosinophilia

A

Due to allergy or parasitic infection

-asthma, eczema, drugs

Blood film show strongyloidasis

25
Q

Facts about basophilia

A

Usually uncommon

Normally due to CML

26
Q

Monocytosis

A

Causes: infection (long term bacterial) or chronic inflammation

27
Q

Transient leukocytosis

A

Infection

Bacterial: neutrophilia.monocytosis

Viral: lymphocytosis

Parasitic: eosinophilia

28
Q

Facts about lymphocytosis

A

Repsonse to viral infection

Can result from lymphoproliferative disorder

29
Q

Blood film of whooping cough

A

Important cause of lymphocytosis in children

30
Q

Blood film of glandular fever

A

Lymphocyte in middle has basophilic cytoplasm

Scalloped margin

Hugging of red blood cells

31
Q

Example of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

A

Smear or smudge cell

32
Q

Difference between ALL and CLL

A

Increase in immature cells (lymphoblasts) with failure of those to develop into mature

Bone marrow is infiltrated by immature lymphoblast

impaired haemopoiesis

Overspill into peripheral blood

Severe and onset

33
Q

Difference in ALL and CLL (CLL)

A

Mature although abnormal leukamic cells

34
Q

What happpens in acute lymphoblastic leukima

A

B cell Progenitors may acquire mutations

Leukocytosis

Neutropenia

Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)

Anemia (normocytic, normochromic)

35
Q

Genes of acut lymphoblastic leukaemia

A

Cytogenetic/molecular genetic analysis

  • Hyperdiploidy - good prognosis
  • Translocation - 4:11 poor prognosis
36
Q

Clinical features of ALL

A

Bruising due to reduced platelets

Pale due to low Hb

37
Q

Treatment of ALL

A

Red cells

Platelets

Antibiotics

Systemic & intrathecal chemotherapy

38
Q

Facts about lymphopenia

A

Causes: HIV, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, corticosteroids

39
Q

How to interpret white cells

A

Is there an abnormality

Which cell line

Clinical history

Clues in blood film

Haemotology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions