Work & Career Flashcards by Ash Underwood

What are the 2 models that aim to account for social development?

Normative crisis model

Timing of Events Model

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 2 things that give meaning to life as adults?

Love

Work

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who are the 2 theorists that support the Normative Crisis Models?

Erikson

Levinson

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 3 tenets of the Normative Crisis Models?

Ground Plan
Crises
Resolution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When are Crises considered resolved?

When development proceeds to the next stage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens if crises are not resolved?

Development stagnates

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many ers are proposed in adulthood?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an era of adulthood?

A time where a developmental task needs to be negotiated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Each transition period between eras involves?

The need to reappraise and modify certain aspects of life

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 9 eras/transition periods in Levinson’s theory?

Early adult (17)
entering adult (22)
age 30 (28)
settling down (33)
mid-life (40)
entering middle adult (45)
Age 50 (50) 
Culmination (55)
Late adult (60)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does Arnett call early adult transition?

Emerging adulthood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does Levinson’s early adult map onto in Erikson’s theory?

Identity resolution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the primary task in early adult?

Self-sufficiency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the main concerns in entering adult stage?

work, love and community = dream

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Other than establishing the ‘dream’ in the entering adult stage what else is important?

the mentor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What element is more important in the ‘dream’ of women?

Community

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What element is more important in the ‘dream’ of men?

Occupation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who is the ‘mentor’?

someone +8 years that provides support and inspiration in achieving the dream

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is there a quarter life crisis at 30?

because the structure of the present life isn’t enough and they cant establish a new structure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens in the settling down phase?

Build a second life structure- continue to work towards dream by advancing/ establishing oneself

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Becoming ones own man involves?

ambition
greater authority
greater orientation to goal
more independent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mid-life involves?

reappraisal
integration
creation of new life structure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reappraisal comes from the realisation that?

Life is limited- mortal.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Leaving a legacy is connected to Erikson’s notion of?

Generativity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

As one develops what are the 4 polarities that must be integrated into oneself?

Young/Old Destructive/Constructive Masculine/Feminine Attachment/Separation

What needs to happen with the polarity of young/old?

Relinquish youth to take on middle age responsibilities

What must happen with the polarity of attachment/separation?

Need for connection needs to be levelled with need for solitude

What are some issues involved in entering middle adulthood?

Sandwich squeeze- Boomerang kids/ ageing parents | own mortality

What is the difference between women and men at midlife?

less clear cut stages | unstable still after transition (because not at a stage in their career that things are levelling out)

When women make changes in their career and family commitments these reflect?

age shifting roles desire for self-expression

Neugarten proposed the Timing of _______ model.

Events

What does the Timing of Events model base social development on?

Time in individual's lives when important events occur

What are the tenets of the Timing of Events model?

social clock - appropriateness socioeconomic status culture/ historical period normative life events (anticipation = reality) non-normative life events (late or early vs expectation)

What does the move to entering the workforce indicate in social development?

severing ties to parents | maturity

What is the difference in thoughts about entering the workforce between our generation and those from the 60s-80s?

They entered to express skills/talents | We enter to achieve affluence

How do young adults explore their career options?

part-time work career education discussions

What are the 3 theorists that account for the choice of vocation in development through their theories?

Ginzberg Holland Super (2001)

Ginzberg suggested 3 stages in the process of selecting a career. These were?

Fantasy Tentative Realistic

What does Ginzberg's fantasy stage of vocational development consider?

the visual aspect of the acreer

What does Ginzberg's tentative stage of vocational development consider? (4)

interests (like/dislikes) capacity (abilities) values (personal priorities) transition (aware of decision)

WHen children begin to assess their likes and dislikes this maps on to which stages of Piaget and Eriksons theories?

Formal Operations | Identity vs role confusion

What does Ginzberg's realistic stage of vocational development consider? (3)

exploration crystallization specification

When young adults start to crystallise their commitment to a career field this maps onto Eriksons crisis of?

Identity vs role confusion when they are resolving the crisis

What are Super's 5 stages of career development?

``` Growth Exploration Establishment Maintenance Decline ```

Super's Exploration stage maps onto which of Ginzberg's stages?

Tentative

The 3 substages of Super's exploration stage are?

Interests Abilities Availability

Holland suggests that vocational choices reflect?

Personality traits

WHat are the 6 personality types that Holland suggests map onto specific occupation types.

``` Conventional Realistic Artistic Enterprising Investigative Social ```

What is a limitation of Ginzerg's theory?

4-6 people have major career changes in their lifetime and many changes jobs every year

When does vocational development now occur in the life span?

Late adolescence

None of Hollands, Ginzberg's or Super's vocational theories consider the role of?

barriers in career decisions

Pryor & Taylor considered barriers to career decisions and found that people make ________ and assess the _____ of a job market also when considering career.

compromises | realities

What job qualities did Pryor & Taylor find men desire?

High visibility and high income | Difficult to enter

WHat are the social context factors that influence career choice?

Parents, partners and Peers | Sex and Class

An individual’s occupational ambitions and achievements are ______correlated with achievements of those ______ them.

highly | around

What are the 6 influences of parents, peers and partners on vocational development?

``` attachment styles occupational/ educational attainment class opportunities role models values ```

What did Hazan & Shaver suggest influences the way in which adults approach their careers?

attachment styles

Secure attachment meant at work you were more likely to be?

Enthusiastic | Satisfied

You were more likely to put your partner's needs ahead of your career if your had a ______ attachment style?

secure

Avoidant attachment meant at work you were more likely to be?

Immersed only in your career defensive satisfied

Anxious-ambivalent attachment meant at work you were more likely to be?

anxious competitive fearful of being demoted

Educational attainment is influenced by _________ status.

socioeconomic

Middle class parents are more likely to raise children to develop a need for _______ and to have an interest in ___________ exploration.

achievement | vocational

Individuals choose occupational choices similar to their parents especially when those relationships were?

warm | had strong identification

Role models are especially important for?

Women

Value context sees parents from a working class view occupational choices as needing to bring?

Conform | Obey

Value context sees parents from a middle class to view occupational choices as needing to bring?

autonomy interdependence self-direction

Women are more oriented towards working in roles that?

Are traditionally occupied by women, work with people instead of things and the allow family/ career balance

What are the 3 stages involved in developing satisfaction with your career choice at mid-life?

Cooling down of ambitions Critical self analysis Redirection

What is associated with the critical analysis that comes with addressing career satisfaction in midlife?

lowered self esteem | Re-evaluation of life's priorities

Some advantages of changing your line of work during a midlife crisis include?

Cognitive development from new learning New skills New areas of personality expressed

At mid-life Thomas discovered that adults generally wanted? (3)

A better work/life balance Security Better pay

During mid-life selecting a second career can be a good thing if?

``` Voluntary economic partner support role models provide good influence timing is good ```

Atchley suggested that there are 4 phases to the retirement process which are?

honeymoon disenchantment reorientation stability

What is important to Reorientation during retirement?

good health adequate finances strong relationship

In conclusion, social development through work occurs throughout the 4 stages of:

``` Career: choice development evaluation retirement ```