Working Memory consists of…
Storage and processing interacting.
3 (initially accepted) components of WM?
- Phonological loop
- Visuo-spatial sketchpad
- Central executive
Phonological Loop
- Verbal rehearsal/ inner voice
- >maintains verbal info w/out LT storage
Memory Span
The number items that can be repeated in order, related to the capacity of the phonological loop.
-> greatest for short, simple materials.
Memory span is about what one can say in ___ s.
1.8
Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad
Visual information maintained in visuo-spatial sketchpad, independent of verbal processing (the two don’t interfere).
The capacity of the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad is measured via…?
Change Detection Paradigm
Change Detection
- Present set of visual items briefly, followed by delay
- Re-present, with one item possibly changed
- Respond “same” or “different”
- Capacity indexed by largest set size with accurate performance
- Often about 4 items
Central Executive
Related to control and response selection
The central executive is measured via
random number generation &“2-back” task
One challenge to measuring the central executive is that…
a “pure” central executive task is hard to find
Random Number Generation Task
- Asked to generate random numbers
- Have to monitor for “randomness”
- When distracted, sequence becomes more redundant and systematic.
The 2-Back task depends on _________.
Rehearsal
WM capacity depends on…
processing efficiency
Reading Span Task
-Measure spare capacity during processing
-Read series of sentences
Recall final word from each sentence
-Span is number of sentences in the series that can done accurately
Reading span correlates with what?
reading skill & verbal aptitude
*NOTE: simple span tasks don’t
Memory for Reference
- describes the arrangement of meaningful things and places; a situation model.
- Representations refer or “point to” to other long-term information
Reading span is a measure of…
the size of the model that can be maintained in referential memory
Episodic Buffer
(Baddeley 2000)
-Integrates info across domains w/ temporal info.
The ________ _______ provides an account of story recall in patients with amnesia
Episodic Buffer
Referential memory capacity is contained in the ______ ______
Episodic Buffer
