woven fabrics-1.2

Question 1

what are the three types of weaves?

Answer 1

-plain
-twill
-satin

Question 2

which is the simplest and cheapest weave?

Answer 2

Plain weave- it goes over one and under one which makes it incredibly simple, therefore reducing production time which makes it much cheaper

Question 3

why is plain weave so strong?

Answer 3

it has the highest amount of interlacing points, which makes it incredibly strong

Question 4

what does the surface of a plain weave look like?

Answer 4

-it is plain, firm and smooth which makes it good for printing

Question 5

how can you produce different decorative effects in weaves?

Answer 5

by using different coloured weft and warp yarns

Question 6

what are some fabrics that can be made using plain weave?

Answer 6

-calico
-taffeta
-lawn
-flannel
-gingham
-chiffon
-poplin

Question 7

which weave is the most hard-wearing weave?

Answer 7

twill weave

Question 8

why is twill fabric more expensive?

Answer 8

because it is much more complicated to make- the weft goes over 2 or 3 and under one

Question 9

why does twill fabric fray?

Answer 9

because there are fewer interlacing points

Question 10

what is the difference between plain weave in comparison to satin and twill weave?

Answer 10

plain weave fabrics have no definite right or wrong side and look the same on both sides, whereas satin and twill weave have definite right and wrong sides

Question 11

what does the uneven twill surface allow for?

Answer 11

less dirt to be shown on the surface of the fabric

Question 12

what does twill weaving leave on the surface of the fabric?

Answer 12

a diagonal pattern

Question 13

what types of fabrics does twill weave make?

Answer 13

-tartan
-denim
-drill
-gabardine
-dog-tooth check
-herringbone

Question 14

which weave has a smooth and lustrous appearance?

Answer 14

-satin weave

Question 15

what do the warp yarns do in satin weave?

Answer 15

‘float’ over the four or more weft yarns before going under one weft yarn which gives it a lustrous appearance

Question 16

why does satin snag and fray easily?

Answer 16

due to fewer interlacing points

Question 17

what type of yarn is used to give satin a greater lustre?

Answer 17

-filament yarns such as Silk, Polyester or Nylon

Question 18

what types of fabrics can be made with satin weave?

Answer 18

-satin
-sateen
-duchesse satin
-heavy bridal satins

Question 19

what can satin fabric be used for?

Answer 19

-evening wear
-bridal wear
-lingerie

Question 20

what are jacquard fabrics?

Answer 20

fabrics where a pattern is created through weaving or knitted rather than being printed onto the fabric

Question 21

what are jacquard woven fabrics and how are they made?

Answer 21

Jacquard is a complex and decorative type of weave (or knitting) which produces complicated and intricate designs (such as florals) woven directly into the fabric rather than them being embroidered or printed on. Jacquard woven fabrics are often designed and controlled by computer programmes- a computer automated jacquard loom lifts individual warp yarns and interlaces them with weft yarn to form highly detailed woven patterns.

Question 22

what are the advantages of warp/cut weave fabrics?

Answer 22

-heavy
-warm
-a soft plush fabric is created
-good drape

Question 23

what fabric can be made from jacquard weaving?

Answer 23

brocade

Question 24

how are tartan woven effects made?

Answer 24

by alternating different sized bands of coloured yarns which are interlaced in the warps and wefts using a plain or twill weave

Question 25

how is madras woven effect made?

Answer 25

commercial production is similar to tartan but brightly coloured dyed cotton yarn and plain weave is used to create a large check pattern

Question 26

what is a nap?

Answer 26

The direction of the fabric's pattern

Question 27

what is a pile?

Answer 27

The raised surface of a fabric

Question 28

which weave is the most absorbent?

Answer 28

uncut/loop pile weave

Question 29

what is gingham fabric usually made of?

Answer 29

cotton or polycotton

Question 30

how is gingham characterised?

Answer 30

by checks/plaid/stripes

Question 31

what sound does taffeta make when moved?

Answer 31

makes a rustling sound with movement

Question 32

what is taffeta usually made from?

Answer 32

filament yarns/polyester/silk

Question 33

what is poplin (a plain weave fabric) commonly made from?

Answer 33

cotton weft and nylon warp

Question 34

what is a woven fabric?

Answer 34

a fabric made my interlacing two or more sets of yarns at right angles to each other

Question 35

which yarn is coloured in twill weave to create a diagonal pattern?

Answer 35

The warp yarn

Question 36

what is Sateen?

Answer 36

An alternative to the Satin weave- it uses different fibres, a slightly different weave structure and can be used for its performance properties and the fact it is cheaper than satin

Question 37

what are the three differences between Satin and Sateen?

Answer 37

1. In a satin weave, the warp yarns 'float over' 4 or 5 weft yarns before going under one, creating a lustrous surface appearance. This means that Satin weave fabrics are warp faced. Sateen weave on the other hand is the opposite- the weft yarns 'float over' 4 or 5 warp yarns before going under one- this means that sateen fabrics are 'weft faced' 2. Satin weave uses filament yarns such as Silk (most commonly) polyester, and nylon which adds to the lustre of the final fabric. Sateen weave on the other hand, uses staple yarns such as cotton which creates a softer and more matter appearance 3. Satin weave is delicate and prone to snagging due to the long, smooth floats of filament yarns such as Silk. Sateen on the other hand, is more durable as cotton (one of the strongest natural fibres) is used and a slightly tighter weave structure.

Question 38

what types of fibres are usually used in a jacquard woven fabric?

Answer 38

Polyester, silk and cotton blends

Question 39

what are jacquard fabrics typically used for?

Answer 39

Upholstery such as curtains or luxury bedding

Question 40

what is brocade?

Answer 40

A stiff, heavy weight, woven jacquard fabric with intricate designs. It is produced on an automated jacquard loom which creates a fabric which has areas that look like embroidery due to raised parts of the design on the fabric. Metallic threads are usually used in the process to add an element of lustre

Question 41

what types of fibres are used to create brocade woven jacquard fabric?

Answer 41

It is often made with wool, cotton or silk blends including rayons and polyester.

Question 42

what is a third pile weave?

Answer 42

A third pile weave refers to a type of woven fabric that incorporates a third set of yarns (in addition to the warp and weft yarns already used) to create a raised surface known as a 'pile'

Question 43

what are the three types of third pile weave?

Answer 43

1. warp pile weave- fabrics such as velvet 2. weft pile weave- fabrics such as courduroy and needlecord 3. uncut loop pile weave (a variation of weft pile weaves, just with the loops in the fabric uncut- creates fabrics such as terry toweling)

Question 44

how is a warp pile weave created and what fabric is it typically used for?

Answer 44

A warp pile weave is most commonly used for making velvet fabric. A third warp pile is incorporated into the weaving process alongside the weft and warp yarns which are already used in weaving. One method of producing velvet is by placing two fabrics face to face and the third pile warp yarn alternating between the two fabrics. A knife then moves back and forth at the front of the loom between the two fabrics to cut the third warp yarn. this produces two separate pieces of velvet at the same time.

Question 45

what are the properties of warp pile weave fabrics such as velvet?

Answer 45

- difficult to work with -fabric is expensive due to the third yarn and fabric wastage from having to use a nap lay plan - fabric is not durable as the third warp yarn can easily fall away from the background weave, leaving bald patches -the fabric is heavy, warm, soft and lush and even has good drape

Question 46

how is a weft pile weave made and what fabrics are made from it?

Answer 46

A weft pile weave involves a third weft pile yarn being incorporated into the weaving process with the existing weft and warp yarns. During weaving, the weft pile yarn creates loops on the fabric surface. These loops can either be cut or uncut- when they are cut, they produce fabrics such as Corduroy and needle-cord fabric.

Question 47

what happens when the loops on the surface of the fabric are cut in weft pile weave?

Answer 47

it creates a ribbed pile, also known as cords that run parallel to the selvedge. The cords can vary in width- a jumbo cord is very wide and a needlecord is very thin

Question 48

what are uncut loop pile weaves?

Answer 48

Weaves where the loops created on the surface of a fabric are not cut during weft pile weaving- this creates fabrics such as terry toweling/cloth, and makes a more durable pile weave fabric.

Question 49

what is terry toweling used in?

Answer 49

Bathrobes and towels due to its absorbency (particularly because cotton yarns are used to make the fabric, and cotton is incredibly absorbent)

Question 50

what are the properties of uncut loop pile weaves?

Answer 50

- fabric is expensive due to the amount of yarn used -fabric is usually made from cotton which is soft, absorbent and thermally insulating due to the extra yarn and loop structure which can trap pockets of warm air. -due to it's absorbency (particularly as cotton is more commonly used),it takes a long time to dry and is very heavy when wet -fabric frays and ravels when cut and its thickness can make it challenging to work with