Ww2 And Changes In Surgery

Question 1

When did Harold GIllies publish Plastic Surgery of the Face

Answer 1

1920

Question 2

What was the name of the report Harold Gillies published in 1920

Answer 2

Plastic Surgery of the Face

• based on experience of treating facial injuries in WW1
• became very influential book

Question 3

What was the largest advancement in surgical technique during WW2

Answer 3

Plastic surgery

Question 4

When was Gillies knighted

Answer 4

1930

Question 5

Who was McIndoe

Answer 5

• a relative of Gillies from New Zealand

Question 6

When did McIndoe become an RAF consultant surgeon

Answer 6

1938

Question 7

How many fully experienced plastic surgeons were there in UK when WW2 broke out

Answer 7

4 plastic surgeons

Question 8

What did McIndoe head

Answer 8

• Blond McIndoe research center
• at Queen Victoria Hospital

Question 9

How did McIndoe’s work became famous early on in the war

Answer 9

• he treated the RAF pilots from Battle of Britain

Question 10

What was the main problem for these injured RAF pilots

Answer 10

• deep burns
• from plane catching on fire

Question 11

What were the two main problems of the deep burns sustained by RAF pilots

Answer 11

• muscle + nerve damage
• patient is unable to feel/move burned areas
• disfigurement
• lead to mental health problems

Question 12

What was the usual treatment for burns

Answer 12

• chemical coating
• to protect burned areas

Question 13

What was the limitation of the chemical coating used to protect burned areas

Answer 13

• it would shrink the tissue around the burn
• tightening the tissue in large burns
• so less movement in that area

Question 14

What did McIndoe notice in the injured RAF pilots

Answer 14

• those who crashed in sea healed better than those who crashed on land

Question 15

What did McIndoe do as a result of his hypothesis

Answer 15

• banned chemical coating treatment
• began placing patients in saline baths instead

Question 16

What did McIndoe’s patients call themselves and what were they a part of

Answer 16

• part of the Guinea Pig Club
• called themselves Guinea Pigs

Question 17

What was there an emphasis on at the Guinea Pig Club

Answer 17

• positive mood
• beer + cigarettes
• uniform for the club

Question 18

What did many guinea pigs suffer from

Answer 18

• mental health problems
• like PTSD, depression

Question 19

Why were McIndoe’s patients called guinea pigs

Answer 19

• McIndoe used new techniques
• trial + error

Question 20

Who arranged for local families to greet guinea pigs on their return home

Answer 20

Neville + Elaine Blond

Question 21

What else did McIndoe arrange to keep spirits up

Answer 21

• visits by famous people + dancers

Question 22

When was McIndoe knighted

Answer 22

1947

Question 23

How many people donated blood during WW2

Answer 23

700,000 donors

Question 24

Condition of PTSD was better understood during WW2 than WW1 (when it was disregarded as made-up)

Answer 24

//

Question 25

What was an attempt at treating PTSD

Answer 25

- electric shock treatment

Question 26

How many psychiatric hospitals were set up in WW2

Answer 26

18 psychiatric hospitals

Question 27

Which American surgeon developed a technique to remove bullets + shrapnel from the heart

Answer 27

Dwight Harken

Question 28

How many successful operations did Dwight Harken carry out

Answer 28

130 operations

Question 29

How much blood was collected in preparation for war in 1938 and later during WW2 in 1940

Answer 29

1938: - Dr Janet Vaughan collected 50 bottles of blood - from volunteers Also: - 4 large blood banks created around London - Army Blood Supply Depot set up in Bristol 1940: - 8 regional Centres were set up as well

Question 30

How was tetanus prevented

Answer 30

- vaccine

Question 31

How many wounded soldiers did tetanus vaccine save in 1940 at the Battle of Dunkirk

Answer 31

17,000 wounded soldiers

Question 32

When was Rhesus Blood System discovered

Answer 32

1939 - made blood transfusions even safer