XII - Mycology Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
Fungi are ___karyotic
A
eukaryotic
2
Q
Fungi have complex carbohydrate walls composed of
A
chitin, glucan, mannan
3
Q
Major membrane sterol in fungi
A
ergosterol
4
Q
Antifungals: Inhibit ergosterol synthesis
A
Imidazole
5
Q
Antifungals: Bind more tightly to ergosterol than cholesterol
A
Polyene
6
Q
Fungi require _____ (heterotrophic nutrition).
A
organic carbon
7
Q
Living in dead organic matter
A
saphrophytic or saprobic
8
Q
Living on another living organism
A
parasitic
9
Q
Basic Forms of Fungi: Single cells, budding
A
yeast
10
Q
Basic Forms of Fungi: Hyphae, mycella (bouquet of hyphae), mitosis
A
molds
11
Q
Fungi exhibit thermal _____.
A
thermal dimorphism
12
Q
Hyphae: Septate
A
transverse walls
13
Q
Hyphae: Non-septate
A
multinucleated
14
Q
Basic Forms of Fungi: Room Temp.
A
mold
15
Q
Basic Forms of Fungi: Body Temp.
A
yeast
16
Q
Host response to fungal infection
A
granulomatous, pyogenic
17
Q
Fungi: Liver necrosis due to amantin and phylloidin
A
Amanita mushrooms
18
Q
Fungi: Ingestion of contaminated peanuts and grains causes liver cancer due to aflatoxin
A
Aspergillus flavus
19
Q
Fungi: Inhalation of the spores cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA, IgE-mediated)
A
Aspergillus fumigatus
20
Q
Fungi Diagnosis: Dissolves human cells allowing visualization
A
KOH microscopy
21
Q
Fungi Diagnosis: Low pH inhibits the growth of bacteria
A
Sabouraud agar
22
Q
Fungi Diagnosis: Used for early infection
A
DNA probes
23
Q
Fungi: Infect only superficial keratinized structures
A
Dermatophytoses
24
Q
3 Important Dermatophytes
A
Microsporum canis, Trichophyton tonsurans, Epidermophyton floccosum
25
Dermatophytoses: Transmission
direct contact, dogs, cats
26
Chronic infections in warm, humid areas of the body, inflamed circular border containing papules and vesicles surrounding a clear area of normal skin
Dermatophytoses
27
Fungi hypersensitivity causes
dermatophytid reactions (different site from contact)
28
Dermatophytoses: Athlete's Foot
Tinea pedis
29
Dermatophytoses: Nails
Tinea ungium
30
Dermatophytoses: Ringworm
Tinea corporis
31
Dermatophytoses: Jock Itch
Tinea cruris
32
Dermatophytoses: Hands
Tinea manuum
33
Dermatophytoses: Scalp
Tinea capitis
34
Dermatophytoses: Facial Hair
Tinea barbae
35
Dermatophytoses: Diagnosis
10% KOH - septate hyphae, Sabouraud agar - hyphae and conidia, green fluorescence on Wood's lamp
36
Dermatophytoses: Treatment
local antifungal creams, keep skin dry
37
Tinea versicolor (an-an), superficial skin infection of cosmetic importance, hypopigmented patches, spaghetti and meatballs (hyphae & yeast) appearance on 10% KOH
Malassezia furfur
38
Malassezia furfur: Treatment
Miconazole
39
Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation, gardeners who prune roses
Sporothrix schenckii
40
Sporothrix schenckii: Transmission
thorn prick
41
Sporothrix schenckii: Treatment
Itraconazole, Potassium Iodide
42
Dimorphic fungus that exists as a mold in soil and as a spherule (yeast) in tissue, endemic in arid regions of the southwestern US and Latin America
Coccidioides immitis
43
Coccidioides immitis: Transmission
inhalation of arthrospores
44
Arthrospores form spherules filled with endospores, granulomata in bones and CNS, dissemination in those who have defective cell-mediated immunity
Coccidioides immitis
45
Influenza-like illness, lung infiltrates, adenopathy, effusions, erythema nodosum (desert bumps), arthralgias, meningitis
Valley Fever (Coccidioides immitis)
46
Coccidioides immitis: Treatment
Amphotericin B, Itraconazole, Fluconazole - meningitis
47
Dimorphic fungus, forms 2 types of asexual spores
Histoplasma capsulatum
48
H. capsulatum Asexual Spores: Typical thick walls and finger-like projections, important in laboratory identification
tuberculate macroconidia
49
H. capsulatum Asexual Spores: Smaller, thin, smooth-walled spores, transmits infection if inhaled
microconidia
50
Endemic in Ohio and Mississippi River valleys, grows in soil contaminated with bird droppings (starlings) or bat guano
Histoplasma capsulatum
51
Histoplasma capsulatum: Transmission
airborne microconidia
52
Closely mimics TB, chronic pneumonia, erythema nodosum, tongue ulcerations in AIDS patients
Histoplasma capsulatum
53
TB Mimickers
Paragonimus, Histoplasma
54
Histoplasma capsulatum: Treatment
Amphotericin B, Itraconazole, Fluconazole - meningitis
55
Dimorphic fungus, round yeast with broad-based bud, endemic in Northeastern America (Ohio, Mississippi)
Blastomyces dermatitidis
56
Blastomyces dermatitidis: Transmission
inhalation of conidia
57
Most common cause of fungal pneumonia
Blastomyces dermatitidis
58
Chronic pneumonia, ulcerated granulomas, lytic bone lesions, prostatitis
Blastomyces dermatitidis
59
Blastomyces dermatitidis: Treatment
Itraconazole, Amphotericin B - severe infections, Fluconazole - meningitis
60
Dimorphic fungus, thick yeast with multiple buds (mariner's wheel), restricted to Central and South America
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
61
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: Transmission
inhalation of conidia
62
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: Diseases
chronic pneumonia, painful ulcers on mouth and nose
63
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: Females are protected because of
estrogen
64
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: Treatment
Itraconazole
65
Predisposing Factors for Opportunistic Mycosis
broad-spectrum antibiotics, steroids, hematologic malignancies, transplant recipients, systemic chemotherapy, AIDS
66
Normal flora of upper respiratory tract, GI, female GUT, may appear as oval yeast with a single bud or as pseudohyphae, form germ tubes in serum and chlamydo-spores in culture
Candida albicans
67
Candidiasis: Oral thrush, vulvovaginitis → curd-like discharge, intertrigo, skin infections → satellite lesions, onychomycosis
immunocompetent
68
Candidiasis: Pseudomembranous esophagitis, subcutaneous nodules, right-sided endocarditis
immunocompromised
69
Candidiasis Treatment: Oropharyngeal and Esophageal
Nystatin - swish and swallow
70
Candidiasis Treatment: Skin
Clotrimazole
71
Candidiasis Treatment: Disseminated
Amphotericin B
72
Candidiasis Treatment: Chemoprophylaxis
Fluconazole
73
Oval yeast with narrow-based bud surrounded by a wide polysaccharide capsule seen in India ink, positive latex agglutination test (CALAS), grows in soil containing bird droppings (pigeon)
Cryptococcus neoformans
74
Cryptococcus neoformans: Transmission
inhalation of airborne yeast cells
75
Cryptococcus neoformans: Diseases
asymptomatic lung infection, meningitis, encephalitis
76
Cryptococcus neoformans: Treatment
Amphotericin B, Flucytosine, Fluconazole - chemoprophylaxis
77
Exists only as molds, septate hyphae that form V-shaped (dichotomous) branches, acute angles
Aspergillus fumigatus
78
Aspergillus fumigatus: Location
widely distributed in nature
79
Aspergillus fumigatus: Transmission
inhalation of conidia
80
Infects wounds, burns, cornea, external ear, sinuses, aspergilloma (fungus ball) in lung cavities, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) - asthmatic symptoms with expectoration of brownish bronchial plugs
Aspergillus fumigatus
81
Aspergillus fumigatus: Treatment
Amphotericin B
82
Saprophytic molds with non-septate hyphae with walls and branches at right angles, rhino-orbital-cerebral infection with eschar formation, patients with DKA, burns leukemia
Rhizopus oryzae and Mucor
83
Indeterminate organism, major surface glycoprotein undergoes programmed rearrangements, diagnosis by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) washings, toluidine blue, methenamine silver stain
Pneumocystis jiroveci
84
Pneumocystis jiroveci: Transmission
inhalation of cysts
85
Cysts in alveoli induce an inflammatory response consisting of plasma cells, frothy exudate blocks oxygen exchange
Pneumocystis jiroveci
86
Occurs when CD4 < 200, diffuse interstitial pneumonia with bilateral ground glass infiltrates, 100% mortality rate if untreated
Pneumocystis jiroveci
87
Most common AIDS-defining illness
Pneumocystis jiroveci
88
Pneumocystis jiroveci: Treatment
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
