Flashcards in Zoonotic Viral Diseases I/II Deck (56)
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This deck will cover all the new zoonotic viruses that weren't already covered in another deck.
Carry on
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Let's start with rabies. Describe the structure
-ssRNA, enveloped, bullet-shaped, helical nuclear capsid
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Who carries rabies around?
1. bats
2. raccoons
3. skunks
4. foxes
5. coyotes
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Describe the pathophys of rabies virus?
Virus contains glycoprotein which binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on postsynaptic membrane of NMJ.
Virus travels retrograde via peripheral nerves to dorsal root ganglia; affects pyramidal cells of hippocampus and Purkinje cells
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What sx will you get with rabies?
salivation, dysphagia (spasms in muscles of larynx/throat), muscle spasms, fever, acute encephalitis, uniformly fatal (untreated) with incubation of weeks/ months`
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Dx of rabies???
dFA of brain (direct fluorescence antibody stain).
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What will you see on Histo for rabies?
Negri bodies=eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (in pyramidal cells of hippocampus and purkinje cells)
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What do you do when you get bit by a bat and you're like OMG I'M GONNA GET THE RABIES WHATDOIDOWHATDOITDOWHATDOIDO
after bite in someone who was never vaccinated→ post-exposure anti-rabies vaccine and passive antibody (HRIG)
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What is the structure of Coronavirus?
+ssRNA, helical capsule
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What are the sx of Coronavirus?
Can cause:
1. acute bronchitis that leads to ARDS, 2. common cold
3. SARS
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Source of coronavirus
bats and other animals (civet) in Asian game market
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What is MERS-CoV?
MERS-CoV: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Likely from camels, carried by bats
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How do you dx coronavirus?
antibodies to SAR confirmed with PCR
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Tx for coronavirus?
1. broad spectrum antibiotics
2. ribavarin
3. corticosteroids
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Where will you get Hendra virus?
flying fox bat, horses in Australia
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Where will you get Nipah virus?
Bat, pigs in Malaysia
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What kind of viruses are Hendra and Nipah virus?
Paramyxoviruses
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What can Nipah/Hendra virus cause?
Multisystemic vasculitis→ thrombosis, ischemia, and necrosis. Can lead to disease of brain (acute encephalitis), lung (pneumonitis) and spleen.
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Structure of Hantavirus? Genome?
-ssRNA, enveloped
Genome contains 3 RNA segments: L, M, S
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How is Hantavirus transmitted?
Inhalation of infected rodent excrement or direct contact through skin
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What does Hantavirus cause?
HFRS (hemorrhagic fever w/ renal syndrome) aka hantavirus disease =fever, HA, hemorrhage, acute renal failure.
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What can Sin Nombre virus cause?
HA, back/abd pain, fever, chills, nausea, blurred vision, HFRS, HPS (Hanta pulmonary syndrome**this syndrome is mostly caused by Sin Nombre virus, despite the name)
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How is Sin Nombre virus transmitted?
Inhalation exposure in the Four Corners region of US
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Tx for Sin Nombre?
Supportive
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What kind of virus is Sin Nombre virus?
Bunyavirus
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Strucutre of Flavivirus?
+ssRNA, enveloped, non-segmented
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Tell me some things about Japanese encephalitis (Caused by flavivirus)
1. Transmission
2. Dx?
3. Tx?
1. transmission involves culex mosquitoes, birds and pigs
2. Dx: serology
3. Tx: NONE WAH
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Are most infections by Japanese encephalitis super duper bad like you're gonna die today kind of bad?
No. No, it's actually usually subclinical. Relax, kid.
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There are two kinds of Yellow Fever (caused by flavivirus). Tell me about them.
1. Jungle form: natural reservoir of dz, cycle in non-human primates and forest mosquitoes. Humans incidentally infected when in jungle.
2. Urban form: transmitted between humans by Aedes aegypti mosquito.
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