-- Flashcards
1
Q
What was the overall MST in dogs w/ untreated, peripheral intermediate-large cell LSA treated with prednisone alone?
A
50 days
2
Q
____ and ____ were associated with survival time in dogs with untreated, peripheral intermediate - large cell LSA treated w/ prednisone alone.
A
Owner-perceived QOL scores and substage
3
Q
What was the PFS and ORR for naive & previously treated dogs with MC lymphoma treated with Tanovea? What was the PFS in placebo treated dogs?
A
Tanovea PFS was significantly longer than placebo (~3 months vs. 21 days)
ORR: 73% (CR 51%)
4
Q
What was the ORR and PFS in naive dogs w/ MC LSA treated with Tanovea +/- steroids (Thamm paper)?
A
ORR: 87% (CR 52%)
PFS: 4 months
5
Q
In a retrospective study evaluating the diagnostic relevance of lymph node biopsy in cats with small cell intestinal lymphoma, ___% showed no nodal involvement.
A
70%
6
Q
In a retrospective study evaluating the diagnostic relevance of lymph node biopsy in cats with small cell intestinal lymphoma, ___% of clonality tests correctly identified reactive lymph nodes.
A
63%
7
Q
In a prospective clinical trial of dogs with diffuse, naive large B cell LSA treated with low dose doxorubicin and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (1E4-cIgGB), a significant depletion in ______ cells was seen 7 days post infusion. This depletion persisted for ____ months.
A
CD21+ B cells; 4+ months
8
Q
A retrospective study evaluating vincristine-induced side effects related to body weight in dogs treated for LSA found that vincristine dosed at 0.6mg/m2 ______ the risk of hematologic events in dogs weighing <15kg.
A
Does not increase
9
Q
A retrospective study evaluating vincristine-induced side effects related to body weight in dogs treated for LSA found that dogs treated with median dose of 0.6mg/m2 had a __% risk of neutropenia and ___% risk of GI AEs.
A
12%; 29%
10
Q
What was the overall MST reported in a retrospective study of 50 cats with MRD treated with various chemo protocols? What variables were associated with shorter outcomes?
A
MST: 4mo
Anemia & thrombocytopenia
11
Q
List the overall response rates to the following chemotherapy protocols that were found in a retrospective study of 50 cats with MRD. Was the type of chemotherapy protocol significantly associated w/ survival?
a. melphalan + pred ____%
b. Cytoxan + pred ___%
c. Chlorambucil + pred ___%
A
a. 87%
b. 90%
c. 100%
No
12
Q
Adverse events to melphalan or cyclophosphamide
occurred in ___% and __% of cats, respectively, in a retrospective study evaluating outcome in cats w/ MRD.
A
melphalan - 65%
Cytoxan - 23%
13
Q
In a retrospective study investigating the relationship b/w serum cortisol concentrations and chemotherapy outcome in dogs with lymphoma, the high COR group experienced a ________, ______, and _______.
A
- significantly lower response to chemotherapy
- lower PFS
- lower MST
14
Q
In a retrospective study investigating the relationship b/w serum cortisol concentrations and chemotherapy outcome in dogs with lymphoma, although no significant differences were found in rate of _____ cells b/w groups, the rate of ____ cells was significantly lower in the high COR group.
A
- Pgp+ cells
- Glucocorticoid receptor + cells
15
Q
A retrospective observational study evaluating found the reason for euthanasia in dogs with TCC found the primary cause to be ______________ (___%).
A
Local progression (62%)
16
Q
What was the ORR, PFS, and MST in a prospective cohort study in dogs with MC LSA that underwent dose-escalation 15-week CHOP.
A
ORR - 100%
PFS - 6mo
MST - 8.5mo
17
Q
In a prospective cohort study for dogs with MC LSA that underwent dose-escalation 15-week CHOP, for the dogs that were able to dose escalate, at least 1 drug was successfully escalated in ____%. ____% of the dogs that underwent dose escalation were hospitalized at least once due to AEs. The most common DLT of all dogs was ______________.
A
- 78%
- 13%
- Neutropenia
18
Q
In a retrospective study evaluating the relationship b/w MRI findings and grade in spinal PNST in dogs, __________ and _________ were associated with a high tumor grade.
A
Large volume and severe peripheral contrast enhancement
19
Q
In a prospective study of dogs with MC B cell LSA comparing those that received chemotherapy + half-body radiation to historical matched controls only receiving chemotherapy, the radiation cohort’s 2-year disease-free rate was _____% and the median remission was _____. The control group’s 2-year disease-free rate was ____% and the median remission was ____.
A
RT group:
- 56%
- exceeded 730-day study period
Control:
- 0%
- 9mo
20
Q
In a prospective study of dogs with MC B cell LSA comparing those that received chemotherapy + half-body radiation to historical matched controls only receiving chemotherapy, the radiation cohort’s 2-year survival rate was ____% and the MST was ____. The control group’s 2-year survival rate was ___% and the MST was ____.
A
RT group
- 78%
- MST: exceeded 730 day study period
Control:
- 11%
- MST: 9.5mo
21
Q
In a retrospective study evaluating the outcome of 32 dogs with invasive adrenal tumors that did not undergo adrenalectomy, the median follow-up was ____, the MST was ____, and the most common cause of death/euthanasia was ________.
A
- Median follow-up: 49d
- MST 50d
- Hemoabdomen
22
Q
In a retrospective study evaluating outcome in 46 dogs with retroperitoneal sarcoma, HSA was diagnosed in ___% of cases and was associated with greater hazard of _____.
A
- 76%
- death
23
Q
In a retrospective study evaluating outcome in 46 dogs with retroperitoneal sarcoma, ___% developed local recurrence. Did surgical approach (curative-intent vs. cytoreductive) significantly affect local recurrence?
A
- 41%
- no
24
Q
In a retrospective study evaluating outcome in 46 dogs with retroperitoneal sarcoma, the MST was ______. _______ and ______ were protective against death.
A
- MST: 8mo
- Surgical excision and adjuvant chemotherapy
25
In a prospective study of 70 dogs that underwent thyroidectomy and elective bilateral lymph node extirpation (MRP and deep cervical), ___% of lymph nodes were found to have metastasis. Was routine nodal IHC high yield for thyroid carcinoma?
- 19%
- no
26
What was the sensitivity and specificity of a blood-based liquid biopsy test
integrating cell-free DNA quantification and next-generation
sequencing for cancer screening (LSA, leukemia, HSA, OSA, primary lung tumors, HS, urothelial carcinoma) in dogs?
Sensitivity: 71%
Specificity: 99%
27
What was the MST reported in 11 dogs with suspected primary bone marrow T-cell lymphoid neoplasia causing hypercalcemia w/ treatments ranging from prednisone alone to multi-agent chemotherapy?
MST - 9mo
28
In a retrospective study evaluating 61 cats with intracranial meningioma that underwent surgery and/or SRT, the MST for surgery cats was _____ and the MST for SRT was ______.
- MST sx: 3.7 yrs
- MST SRT: 11mo
29
In a retrospective study evaluating 61 cats with intracranial meningioma that underwent surgery and/or SRT, ___% of surgery cats and ___% of SRT cats had local recurrence.
30%
28%
30
In a retrospective study evaluating 61 cats with intracranial meningioma that underwent surgery and/or SRT, for the 5 cases that received SRT following recurrence, the MST was ____ after the last treatment.
1.9yrs
31
A retrospective study evaluating 59 dogs and 3 cats that underwent adrenalectomy following spontaneous adrenal tumor rupture reported a MST of _____ and ______ when short-term mortality was censored.
- 1.5yrs
- 2.5 yrs
32
What were the negative prognostic factors for short-term survival in a retrospective study evaluating 59 dogs and 3 cats that underwent adrenalectomy following spontaneous adrenal tumor rupture?
emergent surgery, intraoperative hypotension and performing additional sx procedures
33
A retrospective study evaluating laparoscopic adrenalectomy for resection of unilateral, non-invasive adrenal tumors in dogs found that ___________ increased the risk of tumor recurrence.
capsular penetration
34
A retrospective study evaluating the prevalence of malignancy in cats undergoing a splenectomy found that ___% of splenic masses were malignant with ____ and ____ being the most common types of neoplasia.
- 81%
- MCT (42%) and HSA (40%)
35
What was the reported MST of splenic MCT and splenic HSA in a retrospective study evaluating the prevalence of malignancy in cats undergoing splenectomy for a splenic mass?
- MST MCT: 12mo
- MST HSA: 3mo
36
___% of cats with spontaneous hemoabdomen that underwent splenectomy were diagnosed with splenic neoplasia in a retrospective study evaluating the prevalence of malignancy?
100%
37
A retrospective study evaluating pegylated-l-asparaginase mono therapy in 83 cats with large cell LSA found a response rate of ____% with ___% in CR.
- RR: 74%
- CR 38%
38
A retrospective study evaluating pegylated-l-asparaginase mono therapy in 83 cats with large cell LSA found a median disease free period of _____ and overall survival time of _____.
- Disease free period: 70 days
- MST: 79 days
39
In a retrospective study evaluating CMOP as first line treatment for 31 cats with intermediate - large cell LSA, the ORR was ____%, the CR rate was ____% and the PR rate _____%.
- ORR: 74%
- CR: 45%
- PR: 29%
40
Retrospective evaluation of melphalan, vincristine, and cytarabine (MOC) novel multi-agent protocol in 26 dogs with relapsed multicentric LSA found an ORR ____% with ___% experiencing a CR.
- ORR: 38%
- CR: 19%
41
Retrospective evaluation of melphalan, vincristine, and cytarabine (MOC) novel multi-agent protocol in 26 dogs with relapsed multicentric LSA found a PFS of ____ days. The overall clinical benefit was ___ with a median of ____ days. All dogs experienced side effects with majority graded as _____.
- PFS: 29 days
- clinical benefit: 65% w/ median of 37 days
- mild
42
A retrospective study of 36 cats with renal carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy was performed. The all-cause MST was ____. When cats who died prior to discharge were excluded, the MST was _____. One-year, two-year, and three-year survival rates were all ___%.
- All-cause MST: 7mo
- Excluded cats who died prior to discharge MST: 3.3 yrs
- 40%
43
Identification of genomic alterations with clinical impact in canine splenic HSA was found. The most common somatic mutations were ______, ________, and _______. Survival was associated with _______ and _________.
- TP53, NRAS, PIK3CA
- Metastasis @ time of diagnosis and germline variants in SETD2 and NOTCH1
44
A necropsy study of 83 dogs with OSA evaluated the patterns of metastatic progression. A total of 20 different sites of metastasis were identified. The most common site of metastasis was _____, followed by ______, _____, ______, and _______.
- lung
- bone, kidney, liver, and heart
45
SRT outcomes for intraventricular brain tumors in 11 dogs was evaluated. MST was _____. What type of tumors or clinical presentations decreased survival?
- MST: 17mo
- Carcinoma, moderate to marked ventriculomegaly
46
Risk factors influencing death prior to discharge in 302 dogs undergoing unilateral adrenalectomy for primary adrenal tumors was evaluated. _____ and ____ were significantly associated with peri-operative mortality and ______, _______, and _____ were significantly associated with decreased overall survival time. Did phenoxybenzamine pretreatment have effect on peri-operative mortality?
- increased surgical time & pre-surgical treatment other than phenoxybenzamine
- ureteronephrectomy, post-op pancreatitis, and post-op aspiration pneumonia
- No
47
Efficacy and toxicity of carboplatin for treatment of macroscopic mesenchymal neoplasia was performed. ORR was ____ with median time to progression of ____. Responses were only seen in patients with what type of cancer?
- ORR: 14%, 42 days
- HSA
48
Surgical and oncologic outcomes in 30 dogs with MPNST arising from the brachial or lumbosacral plexus were evaluated. Dogs with amputation +/- laminectomy were included. Intraoperative complication rate was ___% and post-op complication rate was ___%. ___% had recurrence. DFI was ____ and MST was _____.
- 13%
- 37%
- 46%
- DFI: 1.4 years
- MST: 1.6 years
49
Outcome and prognostic factors in 32 dogs with splenic stromal sarcoma were assessed. Among dogs, 22 developed metastasis with an incidence of ___%, ___%, and ___% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. _____ was found to be prognostic in multivariable analysis.
- 6-months: 38%
- 12-months: 59%
- 24 months: 66%
- MC > 9
50
The impact of palliative RT w/ or without chemotherapy on lameness in 39 flat-coated retrievers w/ periarticular HS was assessed. ____% showed improvement in lameness.
82%
51
Capecitabine for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic carcinoma of various origin was assessed in 25 dogs. Overall clinical benefit rate was ___%. PFI was _____, and median tumor specific survival was ____. Toxicity occurred in ___% with _____ being most common.
- clinical benefit: 86%
- PFI: 93d
- MST: 9mo
- toxicity: 68%; GI
52
Treatment of feline intermediate to high grade alimentary LSA using a novel multi-agent chemotherapy protocol (VAPC: V: Vinblastine, A: doxorubicin; P: procarbazine; C: high-dose cytoxan; Elspar, prednisolone) +/- surgery was assessed in 55 cats. Of 38 cats receiving chemotherapy for measurable disease, ___% achieved a CR. For all cats, PFS was ____ and 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were ____%, ____% and ____%, respectively. MST for CR cats was _____. PFS was significantly affected by ______ and _____.
- CR rate: 68%
- PFS: 6mo
- 1year survival rate: 35%
- 2 & 3 year survival rates: 25%
- CR MST: 11mo
- lymphocyte:monocyte ration >3.4 increased survival and B cell immunophenotype increased survival
53
65 dogs with large granular lymphocyte lymphoma were evaluated. The most common breed was a _______. 32 dogs were treated with MTD chemotherapy w/ a response documented in ___%, PFI of ___, and MST of ____.
- response rate: 74%
- PFI: 17d
- MST: 28d
54
Outcomes of 35 dogs with craniomaxillofacial OSA treated with SRT +/- chemotherapy were assessed. Median time to first event (TTFE) was ____ and MST was ____. ______ was associated with increased survival time.
- TTFE: 6mo
- MST: 8mo
- Administration of chemotherapy and 5 fractions (vs. single fraction)
55
A retrospective study out of France evaluating feline high-grade and large granular alimentary LSA treated with COP or CHOP (n=57) found a CR rate of ___%, PR rate of ___%, SD ___%, PD ___% for an ORR of ___%. PFI was ____ and OST was ____.
- CR: 20%
- PR: 22%
- SD: 36%
- PD: 22%
- ORR: 42%
- PFI: 5mo
- OST: 4mo
56
A retrospective Italian Society of Veterinary Oncology study of 56 cats with appendicular OSA was performed. Metastatic rate was ____%. Among the 49 cats that underwent surgery, median time to local progression, time to distant progression, and tumor specific survival were ___________. 1-year survival rate was ____% and 2-year survival rate was ___%
- 30%
- not reached
- 66%
- 55%
57
Retrospective study evaluating Palladia for treatment of canine carcinomatosis and mesothelioma found a best overall response rate of ___% with a CR rate of __% and PR rate of ___%. SD found in ___%. PFS was ____ and MST was ____. When evaluating dogs with effusion, PFS was ____ and MST was ____.
- BORR: 30%
- CR: 13%
- PR: 17%
- SD: 60%
- PFS: 6mo
- MST: 10mo
- PFS (effusion): 6mo
- MST (effusion): 9.5mo
58
A retrospective study out of Australia evaluated clinical response and prognostic factors in canine MC LSA treated w/ first rescue therapy (CHOP-like, CCNU-rich combo, Doxorubicin single-agent, CCNU single-agent). Median PFS was ____.
PFS: 56d
59
A prospective trial (Thamm) evaluating alternating Tanovea and doxorubicin treatment for naive canine lymphoma was recently performed in 59 dogs. ORR was ___% with CR rate of ____% and PR of ___%. PFS was _____.
- ORR: 93%
- CR: 79%
- PR: 14%
- PFS: 7mo
60
A phase I dose escalating clinical trial for trametinib was performed in dogs with cancer (Vail). What was the MTD? What were the DLTs?
- MTD: 0.5mg/m2/day PO
- DLTs: hypertension, proteinuria, lethargy, elevated ALP
61
A retrospective study evaluating use of lomustine and prednisolone as first-line treatment for dogs with MC LSA was performed. The ORR was ___% with a CR rate of ___% and PR rate of ___%. Median TTP, DFI, and MST were ____, _____, and ____, respectively. The only factor associated w/ DFI and MST was ______.
- ORR: 87%
- CR: 50%
- PR: 37%
- TTP: 42d
- DFI: 63d
- MST: 90d
- stage
62
The outcomes of SRT vs. fractionated RT in 44 dogs with pituitary masses were recently retrospectively evaluated. During the first 6mo after RT, ___% of SRT dogs and ___% of fRT dogs were euthanized because of progressive neurologic signs. The OST was ____. MST for dogs < 9 years was _____ and MST for dogs >9 years was ______. Was survival time associated with treatment type?
- 19% & 18%
- OST: 1.7 yrs
- MST <9yo: 2yrs
- MST >9yo: 1.2 yrs
- No
63
Survival analysis in dogs with urinary TCC that underwent CT at diagnosis was performed. What % of dogs had iliosacral lymphadenomegaly, sternal lymphadenomegaly, bone metastasis and lung metastasis?
- iliosacral lymphadenomegaly: 48%
- sternal lymphadenomegaly: 19%
- bone metastasis: 25%
- lung metastasis: 35%
64
Survival analysis in dogs with urinary TCC that underwent CT at diagnosis was performed. What factors were significantly associated with survival on multivariable analysis?
Sternal lymphadenomegaly
TCC localization
Bone metastasis
65
Survival analysis in dogs with urinary TCC that underwent CT at diagnosis was performed. The ______ location had higher metastasis rates to bone (___%) and lung (___%) . The survival time in this location was shorter at _____ compared to _____.
- urethra
- bone met: 42%
- lung: 46%
- urethra MST 4mo; other locations: 14mo
66
A prospective clinical trial of 14 dogs with TCC who received cisplatin evaluated the use of ________ (chemoprotectant) to decrease diuresis time and volume. ___% had concurrent increases in creatinine and BUN, which is significantly less than historical controls. ORR was ___% and MST was comparable to historical controls (_____ months).
- Tavocept
- 21%
- 27%
- 8 months
67
The use of Palladia for the treatment of 37 canine bladder tumors was evaluated. Palladia was well tolerated but ___% of dogs had progression of azotemia. PR in ___% and SD in ___% were found for a median duration of _____. Median time to progression was _____ and MST after start of Palladia was _____.
- 56% azotemia
- PR: 7%
- SD: 80%
- Median duration: 4mo
- TTP: 3mo
- MST: 5mo
68
Treatment of genitourinary carcinoma in 51 dogs using NSAIDs, mitoxantrone, and RT was retrospectively evaluated. Median EFS and OST for all dogs were ____ and ____, respectively with no significant differences in treatment groups (RT salvage, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, first-line chemotherapy). Permanent urinary incontinence occurred in ___%.
- EFS: 9mo
- MST: 17mo
- 31%
69
IMRT for the treatment of canine genitourinary carcinoma in 21 dogs was evaluated. ___% experienced late GI or GU toxicity. The subjective response rate was ___%. EFS was ___ and MST was ____.
- 19%
- 60%
- EFS: 11mo
- MST: 22mo
70
A recent study evaluating environmental and host factors in a cohort of Scottish Terriers was performed. What was found to be the main modifiable risk factor for development of UC? What were 2 other risk factors?
- tobacco smoke
- living within a mile of marsh or wet land and history of previous UTI
71
A retrospective study evaluating 118 cats with lower urinary tract TCC was performed. The median age was ____. _____ was the most common location. Metastasis was found in ___% of cats. PFS was _____ and MST was ______. ______ and ________ were significantly associated with longer survival times.
- 15 years
- 21%
- PFS: 4mo
- MST: 5mo
- Partial cystectomy and treatment with NSAIDs
72
A retrospective analysis of 18 dogs with malignant ovarian tumors was performed. The most common type was _______, followed by ________ and ________. The MST was _____. Predictors of ST were ______, ______, and ______.
- most common: granulosa cell tumor
- second most common: dysgerminoma
- third most common: adenocarcinoma
- MST: 34 months
- T category, presence of metastasis, lymphovascular space invasion
73
Palladia was retrospectively evaluated in 43 dogs with thyroid carcinoma in the naive and prior therapy settings. ____% of naive dogs experienced clinical benefit while ___% of prior therapy dogs experienced clinical benefit. The PFI of naive dogs was _____ while the PFI in prior therapy dogs was _____. The MST of naive dogs was _____ while the MST of prior therapy dogs was _____.
Naive dogs:
- CB: 88%
- PFI: 7mo
- MST: 19mo
Prior therapy dogs:
- CB: 75%
- PFI: 34mo
- MST: 36mo
74
A recent retrospective study evaluating 64 cats with thymic epithelial tumors was performed. The MST was _____. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were _____, _____, and _____ for surgically treated cats., respectively. Survival time was longer for Masaoka-Koga stage 1 and 2 tumors at _____ compared to stage 3 and 4 tumors at _______. Tumor recurrence was reported to be ____% at a median duration of ______.
- MST: 30 months
- 1 year survival rate: 86%
- 2 year survival rate: 70%
- 5 year survival rate: 66%
- Stage 1 & 2 tumors MST: 46 months
- Stage 3 & 4 tumors MST: 15 months
- Tumor recurrence: 20%
- Median duration: 19 months
75
An open-label escalation study evaluating tolerability and safety of temozolomide in dogs with advanced cancer established a MTD of ______. The DLT was ______ and _____ at what dose?
- MTD 150mg/m2
- DLT: grade 3 hepatic toxicity and grade 4 thromboctyopenia
- DLT: 160mg/m2
76
A phase 1 dose escalating study of oral cyclophosphamide in tumor bearing cats was performed. What was the MTD? What was the DLT?
- MTD: 460mg/m2
- DLT: Neutropenia at 7-21 days
77
A dose escalation study of intravenous cyclophosphamide in cats with cancer was performed. What was the MTD?
- MTD: 480mg/m2
- DLT: neutropenia
78
Assessment of tumor enhancement by contrast-enhanced CT in solid tumor-bearing dogs treated with Palladia was evaluated. What were the response rates? ____% showed a decrease in tumor contrast-enhancement.
- PR: 22%
- SD: 61%
- PD: 17%
- 83% decreased tumor CE
79
A 2011 paper evaluated the biologic activity of Palladia in dogs with various solid tumors (metastatic OSA, thyroid, head and neck and nasal carcinoma, AGASACA). What was the overall clinical benefit? What was the clinical benefit of each cancer and its response rates?
- overall CB: 74%
- metastatic OSA
--> CB: 48%
--> CR 4%
--> SD 43%
- thyroid carcinoma:
--> CB: 80%
--> PR: 27%
--> SD: 53%
- head and neck carcinoma:
--> CB: 88%
--> CR: 13%
--> PR: 63%
--> SD: 13%
- nasal carcinoma:
--> CB: 71%
--> CR: 14%
--> SD: 57%
- AGASACA:
--> CB: 88%
--> PR: 25%
--> SD: 63%
80
A study evaluating post-operative adjuvant treatment using Palladia against adenocarcinoma in dogs was performed. Median TTP for dogs treated with surgery and Palladia was ____, which was significantly higher than dogs treated with surgery alone at _____. In dogs treated with surgery and Palladia, _____ and ______ were significantly lower in tissue sampled at second surgery compared to first surgery.
- TTP surgery + Palladia: 12mo
- TTP surgery alone: 10mo
- VEGFR2 and # of Tregs and HIF1-a+ cells
81
A phase II study of the oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) KPT-335 (verdinexor) in dogs with naive or progressive B or T cell LSA was performed. ORR was ____% of which dogs with T-cell LSA had an ORR of ___%. What was the most common AE?
- overall ORR: 37%
- T cell LSA ORR: 71%
- Grade 1-2 anorexia
82
Lapatinib was evaluated as first-line treatment for urothelial carcinoma in dogs. What were the response rates in lapatinib/piroxicam group? What was the PFS and MST of the dogs in the lapatinib + piroxicam group compared to piroxicam only group?
- CR: 2%
- PR: 52%
- SD: 34%
- PD: 12%
- PFS lapatinib/piroxicam: 6mo
- PFS piroxicam: 3mo
- MST lapatinib/piroxicam: 15mo
- MST piroxicam: 7mo
83
A retrospective study evaluating concurrent carboplatin and 5-FU in 24 dogs with various carcinomas. The most common adverse event was _______ (______ > ______) at ____%. What was the response rate in the gross disease setting?
- myelosuppression (thrombocytopenia > neutropenia)
- 58%
- RR: 43% (3 CR, 3 PR)
84
The efficacy of mirtazapine in reducing GI adverse effects was evaluated in 11 cats treated with doxorubicin in a placebo-controlled crossover study. The results demonstrated that mirtazapine can significantly increase _______, ______, and _______ and reduce ______ in cats after receiving doxorubicin.
- increase body weight, appetite, and activity
- reduce vomiting
85
A pilot study evaluating the tolerability of a 3 Gy x 10 daily 3D-conformal palliative radiation therapy protocol plus Palladia for the treatment of measurable carcinomas in 15 dogs was performed. ____% experienced acute RT side effects and ___% experienced Palladia side effects.
- 87%
- 100%
86
A recent study evaluated NF-kB activity in canine LSA, HS, MCT, and HSA tumors. To assess activity, antibodies to p65 and p100/p52 were used. Greater than ___% of tumors had increased p65 and p100/p52 immunoreactivity compared to normal tissue. Specifically, ___% of tumors had positive p65 nuclear labeling and ___% had positive p100/p52 nuclear labeling. Surprisingly, greater p100/p52 reactivity was associated with longer PFS and OS in which type of cancer?
- 70%
- 71%
-92%
- lymphoma
87
A retrospective comparison of first and second opinion histopathology with patient outcomes in veterinary oncology cases was performed. Diagnostic disagreement was found in ___% of cases. Complete disagreement (change in degree of malignancy or tumor type) occurred in ___% cases and partial disagreement (change in subtype, grade, margins, MC) occurred in __%. Major disagreement (change in diagnosis resulting in change of treatment recommendations) occurred in ___% of cases. Among cases with any form of disagreement natural history of disease favored second opinion in ___%.
- 50%
- 16%
- 34%
- 39%
- 33%
88
The incidence of GI toxicity in canine cancer patients treated with concurrent abdominal RT and Palladia was evaluated. Patients undergoing concurrent therapy had significantly increased rates of any grade of _____, _______, and _____, as well as severe ______ when compared across treatment groups.
- diarrhea, hyporexia, vomiting
- hyporexia
89
A recent retrospective study evaluating the frequency of adverse events in 155 dogs undergoing chemotherapy was performed. AE was reported at least once in ___% and severe AE (sAE) was observed in ___%. Among them, ___% had GI and ___% had myelotoxic events. sAE led to hospitalization in ___%, chemotherapy arrest in ___%, and death or euthanasia in ___%. What type of cancer was associated with higher frequency of AE and hospitalization?
- 80%
- 32%
- 15%
- 20%
- 24%
- 8%
- 5%
- hematopoietic tumors
90
The effects of a high fiber and protein dry diet supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids on QOL in dogs undergoing chemotherapy was evaluated in a randomized, controlled, double-blinded study. Of 12 QOL parameters, ___ significantly improved from baseline to week 8 in test group compared to ___ in control group. Differences between the two groups were only statistically significant for ___________________.
- 10
- 1
- frequency of signs of illness
91
A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial comparing the incidence and severity of GI AEs in dogs with cancer treated with piroxicam alone or in combination with omeprazole or famotidine was performed. How did the incidence and severity of GI adverse events (AEs) in dogs compare between the omeprazole, famotidine, and placebo groups?
Incidence of GI AEs by day 56:
- Omeprazole group: 85%
- Famotidine group: 80%
- Placebo group: 36%
Severity of GI AEs:
- Higher in the omeprazole group compared to the placebo group.
92
A retrospective study and literature review of canine hepatocutaneous syndrome was performed. The most consistent findings with superficial necrotizing dermatitis was ______ at ___% and _____ at ____%. On ultrasound, a honeycomb liver was seen in ____% of dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome and ___% with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia. 26% of dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome had ________, a finding associated with diabetes mellitus.
- dermatologic lesions affecting paw pads or mucocutaneous junctions at 100%
- marked plasma hypoaminoacidemia at 100%
- 98%
- 0%
- marked keratinocyte apoptosis
93
__________ concentrations were found to be significantly higher in dogs with carcinoma, regardless of platelet count, making it likely to be 1 of multiple factors that can impact platelet number, production, and consumption in dogs with carcinoma.
Thrombopoietin
94
A prospective study evaluating preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymph node detection in dogs with various solid tumors was performed. Lymphoscintigraphy identified the SLN in ___% of cases. The SLN corresponded to the regional lymph node in ___% of cases.
- 95%
- 61%
95
A cadaveric study evaluating the success of targeting specific mandibular lymph nodes by palpation alone was performed. The overall success rate of inserting the needle into the targeted lymph node was ___%.
- 56%
96
A recent retrospective study evaluating the biologic behavior and ezrin expression in 25 dogs with non-urinary rhabdomyosarcoma was performed. The mean age was ____ and the median age was _____. _______ and _______ were the most common primary tumor locations. ____% had metastasis at time of diagnosis. What tumor type was often diagnosed initially in 32% of cases? What was the MST? Of the cases sampled, ___% stained positive for ezrin.
- 4.3 years
- 2 years
- SQ and retrobulbar/orbital
- 64%
- round cell tumor
- MST: 10 days
- 95%
97
Histological and IHC features was evaluated in 9 cats with piloleiomyosarcoma. What was found to affect clinical outcome?
mitotic count
infiltration of SQ tissue
intensity of nuclear immunolabeling for p53
98
Feline giant-cell pleomorphic sarcoma is characterized by what cells on cytology/histology?
spindle cells, small round cells, and multinucleated giant cells
99
A retrospective study evaluating adjuvant radiotherapy in 18 cats with non-injection site soft tissue sarcoma was performed. Overall recurrence rate following RT was ___%. The overall median PFI was _____, while the median PFI for cats with recurrence was _____.
- 44%
- 92 months
- 5 months
100
Outcomes in 41 dogs with high grade STS were assessed following definitive-intent RT with or without chemotherapy. The median OST was _____ with 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of ___%, ___%, and ___%, respectively. The mean TTP was ______ (median not reached). ___% developed metastasis, and ___% developed recurrence. What factors were negatively associated with progression and death?
- 33 months
- 85%, 43%, 18%
- 53 months
- 24%
- 20%
- progression: increased MC and prolonged RT duration
- death: prolonged RT duration and length of surgical scar
101
A retrospective study evaluating outcomes associated with primary abdominal visceral soft tissue sarcomas in 42 dogs was performed. What was the most common tumor type and locations? Local recurrence rate was ___%. Metastasis was present at time of surgery in __% and the overall metastatic rate was ___%. Mitotic count of ___ was associated with significantly shorter survival time of _____ compared with a mitotic count of ___ (MST not reached). The MST for grade 1 STS was ____, grade 2 ______, and grade 3 _____.
- leiomyosarcoma
- spleen and small intestine
- 5%
- 24%
- 40%
- > or equal to 9; 9 months
- < 9
- grade 1 MST: not reached
- grade 2 MST: 20 months
- grade 3 MST: 5 months
102
A grading system was recently proposed in cats with STS. The MST for low grade was ____, intermediate grade _____, and high grade _____.
- MST low grade: 30 months
- MST intermediate grade: 17 months
- MST high grade: 9 months
103
Retrospective comparison between definitive-intent finely fractionated and palliative-intent finely fractionated RT for microscopic post-operative feline injection site sarcoma was performed. PFI was not significantly different between protocols except when only first-occurrence cases were included. The median PFI in finely fractionated group was _____ and the median PFI in coarsely fractionated group was ______.
- finely fractionated RT: 48 months
- coarsely fractionated RT: 18 months
104
Recently, a paper reported a MST of ____ in cats with histiocytic sarcoma and _____ in cats with progressive histiocytosis.
- 5 months
- 16 months
105
Clinical signs, neurologic examinations, and survival in 116 dogs with insulinoma was evaluated. The MST for dogs undergoing surgery (________) was significantly longer than dogs undergoing medical management (_________).
- 20 months (surgery MST)
- 8 months (medical MST)
106
Outcomes after surgery for 49 dogs with insulinoma was evaluated. ___% had immediate resolution of hypoglycemia. The oMST was _______. The MST for dogs with resolution of hypoglycemia was _______.
- 80%
- 19 months
- 25 months
107
A retrospective study of 20 cats treated with surgery for insulinoma was performed. The oMST was ________ with 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of ______%, ____%, and ___%.
- 29 months
- 1-year: 75%
- 2-year: 51%
- 3-year: 10%
108
The median DFI and OST in dogs with surface OSA is _____ and ______, respectively.
- DFI: 14 months
- MST: 19 months
109
The outcome of 35 dogs with craniomaxillofacial OSA treated with SBRT was evaluated. Median time to first event was ______ and oMST was ______. Site-specific MSTs were _____ for mandible, ______ for maxilla, and ______ for calvarium. Pulmonary metastasis was found in ____%. Cause of death was local progression in ___% and metastasis in _____%. What 2 factors were associated with increased survival time?
- TTFE: 6 months
- oMST: 8 months
- mandible MST: 5 months
- maxilla MST: 8 months
- calvarium MST: 8 months
- 34% pulm mets overall
- 63% (local progression)
- 26% (metastasis)
- administration of chemotherapy and 5 fractions of SBRT (vs. single fraction)
110
The survival time in dogs with vertebral OSA after palliative decompression surgery alone or combined with RT and/or chemotherapy was evaluated. The MST for dogs treated with surgery alone was ________, surgery and chemotherapy was _______, and surgery, RT, and chemotherapy was ______. Cause of death in all cases that survived surgery was _______.
- MST (Sx alone): ~1 month
- MST (sx + chemo): ~3 months
- MST (sx + RT + chemo): 9 months
- tumor regrowth
111
What is the PFI and oMST of dogs with primary OSA of the digits, metacarpus, and metatarsus following curative -intent treatment (surgery or SRT) +/- chemotherapy?
PFI: 13 months
MST: 23 months
112
Dogs with a history of TPLO are ___ times more likely to develop OSA of the proximal tibia.
40x
113
A study evaluating macrophage infiltration of OSA as a prognostic factors in dogs undergoing amputation followed by 6 doses of carboplatin found a DFI of _____ and MST of ________.
DFI: 13 months
MST: 15 months
114
What are the mean average survival times for dogs with appendicular OSA of the fibroblastic, chrondroblastic, and osteoblastic histologic subtypes treated with amputation and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy?
- Fibroblastic: 18 months
- Chondroblastic: 6 months
- Osteoblastic: 9 months
115
The MST of dogs with appendicular OSA treated with definitive intent local therapy and adjuvant carboplatin and an SUVmax of >7.4 is ______ and an SUVmax <7.4 is _______.
- SUVmax >7.4 MST: 9 months
- SUVmax <7.4 MST: 23 months
116
A study evaluating the clinicopathological features and prognosis in 153 dogs with appendicular OSA found _______ to be the most common subtype, a lymph node metastatic rate of ____%, and dogs with proximal extremity tumors had a lower 1-year survival rate (______) compared to those with distal extremity tumors (_______).
- Osteoblastic
- 14%
- proximal OSA 1-year: 14%
- distal OSA 1-year: 40%
117
______ is a thioredoxin reductase 2 inhibitor and has been shown to improve survival in a pilot study when combined with standard of care (amputation + carboplatin) for dogs with OSA.
Auranofin
118
What was the TTP and MST in dogs treated with chemotherapy within 5 days after amputation for OSA compared to > 5 days.
- TTP 5 days: 7 months
- MST > 5 days: 8 months
119
___% of dogs with appendicular OSA treated with SBRT have maximum lameness improvement at a median of 3 weeks for a median of ______ duration. The fracture rate is ___%. The TTFE is ______ and MST is _______. The MST of dogs with salvage limp amputation is _____.
- 84%
- 6 months
- 41%
- TTFE: 5 months
- MST 8 months
- MST salvage amp: 12 months
120
In a study evaluating the configuration of pathologic fractures in dogs with OSA treated with SBRT, ______ was the most common location to develop a fracture. The ____ was more likely to develop a transverse fracture than other fracture types.
- distal tibia
- distal radius
121
Dogs with appendicular OSA treated w/ SBRT that have <40% of bone affected have a MST of ____ compared to those with >/= 40% of _____.
- <40% MST: 9 months
- >/= 40% MST: 6 months
122
Dogs that undergo secondary amputation after complications related to limb salvage surgery for dogs with OSA have a MST of _____ compared to those that do not (_____).
- MST secondary amp: 20 months
- MST no amp: 13 months
123
What is the DFI and MST in dogs with appendicular OSA treated with autologous cancer cell vaccination following amputation?
- DFI: 7 months
- MST: 14 months
124
What 2 miRNA's have prognostic significance in dogs with OSA?
miRNA-214
miRNA-126
125
What is the median PFS and MST in dogs with multilobular osteochondrosarcoma treated with SBRT?
PFS: 7 months
MST: 11 months
126
78% of primary bone HSA in dogs occurs in _________. Overall survival with amputation + chemotherapy for primary bone HSA is _______ and for primary bone telangiaectic OSA is __________. One year survival rates did not differ b/w dogs with HSA (______%) vs. those with tOSA (_____%).
- hind limbs
- HSA MST: 10 months
- tOSA MST: 7 months
- HSA 1-year: 28%
- tOSA 1-year: 7%
127
In dogs with appendicular OSA, survival times are significantly longer when treated with SRT + chemotherapy (_______) vs. conventionally hypofractionated RT (______).
SRT + chemo MST: 12 months
CHRT + chemo MST: 5 months
