Tumors of the urinary system Flashcards
(59 cards)
***Survival analysis in dogs with urinary TCC that underwent CT at diagnosis was performed. What % of dogs had iliosacral lymphadenomegaly, sternal lymphadenomegaly, bone metastasis and lung metastasis? What factors were significantly associated with survival on multivariable analysis? The ______ location had higher metastasis rates to bone (___%) and lung (___%) . The survival time in this location was shorter at _____ compared to _____.
- iliosacral lymphadenomegaly: 48%
- sternal lymphadenomegaly: 19%
- bone metastasis: 25%
- lung metastasis: 35%
Prognostic factors:
- Sternal lymphadenomegaly
- TCC localization
- Bone metastasis
- higher met rate: urethra
- bone met: 42%
- lung met: 46%
- urethra MST 4mo; other locations: 14mo
A prospective clinical trial of 14 dogs with TCC who received cisplatin evaluated the use of ________ (chemoprotectant) to decrease diuresis time and volume. ___% had concurrent increases in creatinine and BUN, which is significantly less than historical controls. ORR was ___%, which was inferior to historical controls, and MST was comparable to historical controls (_____ months). Diuresis time was decreased from >6 hours to ______.
- Tavocept
- 21%
- 27%
- 8 months
- 90min
The use of Palladia for the treatment of 37 canine bladder tumors was evaluated. Palladia was well tolerated but ___% of dogs had progression of azotemia. PR in ___% and SD in ___% were found for a median duration of _____. Median time to progression was _____ and MST after start of Palladia was _____.
- 56% azotemia
- PR: 7%
- SD: 80%
- Median duration: 4mo
- TTP: 3mo
- MST: 5mo
Treatment of genitourinary carcinoma in 51 dogs using NSAIDs, mitoxantrone, and fractionated RT was retrospectively evaluated. Median EFS and OST for all dogs were ____ and ____, respectively with no significant differences in treatment groups (RT salvage, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, first-line chemotherapy). Permanent urinary incontinence occurred in ___% at a median of ____.
- EFS: 9mo
- MST: 17mo
- 31% at median 2mo
IMRT for the treatment of canine genitourinary carcinoma in 21 dogs was evaluated. ___% experienced late GI or GU toxicity. The subjective response rate was ___%. EFS was ___ and MST was ____.
- 19%
- 60%
- EFS: 11mo
- MST: 22mo
A recent study evaluating environmental and host factors in a cohort of Scottish Terriers was performed. What was found to be the main modifiable risk factor for development of UC? What were 2 other risk factors?
- tobacco smoke
- living within a mile of marsh or wet land and history of previous UTI
A retrospective study evaluating 118 cats with lower urinary tract TCC was performed. The median age was ____. _____ was the most common location. Metastasis was found in ___% of cats. PFS was _____ and MST was ______. ______ and ________ were significantly associated with longer survival times.
- 15 years
- 21%
- PFS: 4mo
- MST: 5mo
- Partial cystectomy and treatment with NSAIDs
A retrospective observational study evaluating found the reason for euthanasia in dogs with TCC found the primary cause to be ______________ (___%).
Local progression (62%)
A retrospective study of 36 cats with renal carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy was performed. The all-cause MST was ____. When cats who died prior to discharge were excluded, the MST was _____. One-year, two-year, and three-year survival rates were all ___%. ____% developed suspect metastasis and ___% developed suspect local recurrence.
- All-cause MST: 7mo
- Excluded cats who died prior to discharge MST: 3.3 yrs
- 40%
- Suspect met: 19%
- LR: 17%
In a series of 232 iUCs, ___% were grade 1, ___% were grade 2, and ___% were grade 3.
- grade 1: 1%
- grade 2: 29%
- grade 3: 70%
***In a series of 102 dogs with iUC of the bladder, ____% had urethral involvement, ____% of male dogs had prostatic involvement, ___% had nodal metastasis, and ___% had distant metastasis. ___% were T2 tumors and ___% were T3.
- urethral: 56%
- prostatic: 29%
- nodal met: 16%
- distant met: 14%
- T2: ~80%
- T3: 20%
***In a necropsy study of 137 dogs with iUC, distant metastasis was seen in ___% with the lung being the most common location in ____%. ____% had nodal metastasis and ____% had both nodal and distant metastasis. Second primary tumors were seen in ___% of dogs, including HSA, LSA, and thyroid carcinoma.
- distant: 58%
- lung: 50%
- nodal: 42%
- nodal and distant: 33%
- 2nd primary: 13%
***In a retrospective study of 188 dogs with iUC, bone metastasis was seen in ___%. Another prospective study of 21 dogs undergoing total body CT at euthanasia found bone metastasis in ____%.
- 9%
- 14%
What are high-risk breeds for development of iUC?
- Scottie (HR: 21)
- Eskimo dog (HR: 6.5)
- Sheltie
- Westie
- Keeshound
- Samoyed
- Beagle
- Dalmation
***High-risk breeds for iUC should avoid _____ and _______ and be fed vegetables at least ________ per week.
- avoid lawn chemical and older types of flea control products
- at least 3x per week
***BRAF V595E mutation has been detected in >___% of canine iUC cases, including ___% of prostatic carcinoma and ___% of urothelial carcinoma. ___% of dogs with normal bladders or cystitis tested positive in one study.
- > 80%
- 85% PC
- 75% UC
- 0% normal/cystitis
_____ and ______ are IHC markers used to determine urothelial origin. Which is best marker and name its sensitivity?
uroplakin III and GATA3
uroplakin III - 91%
***In a retrospective study of 37 dogs with iUC with partial cystectomy plus COX-2 inhibitors with or without chemotherapy, all gross tumor was removed in 92% of cases, the median PFI was ____, and the MST was ____. In a subset of 22 dogs treated with surgery and daily piroxicam +/- chemotherapy, MST was ____.
- PFI: 8mo
- MST: 12mo
- MST w/ piroxicam: 24mo
***In a series of 9 dogs that had surgical resection of iUC followed by single-agent deracoxib, 67% of dogs had incomplete resection and the MST was ____.
MST = 25mo
The incidence of seeding after surgery of iUC is ___%. The MST of dogs with abdominal wall TCC after detection is ___.
10%
MST: 2mo
***MSTs range from ____-____ after urethral stent placement for iUC or PCA in dogs with urinary incontinence reported as a complication in ___-___%. The MST after ureteral stent placement is _____.
- MST urethral: <1mo - 3mo
- incontinence: 25-39%
- MST ureteral: 2mo
***In a series of 21 dogs with iUC treated with IMRT/IGRT, acute effects were mild and self-limiting. The most common acute side effect is ____ occurring in ___%. Late complications include _____, _____, and _____ with _____ being most common in ____%. The EFST was _____ and the MST was ______.
Acute:
- colitis: 38%
Late:
- urethral stricture (most common = 9%)
- ureteral stricture
- rectal stricture
- EFST: 11mo
- MST: 22mo
In a report of 13 dogs with urogenital carcinoma treated with low dose palliative RT (2.7Gy x10) plus antineoplastic drugs, no late complications were noted, CR or PR occurred in ____% (RR) and SD occurred in ___%.
- CR or PR:: 61%
- SD: 38%
iUC growth can be controlled in approximately ___-___% of dogs.
75-80%
