Flashcards in 08.21 - Histamine (Sweatman) - Questions Deck (47):
1
2 major sites of Histamine Biosynthesis
Mast Cells, Basophils
2
Enzyme that catalyzes Histamine Biosynthesis
L-Histidine Decarboxylase
3
3 Notable Activators of Histamine Synthesis and Release
GM-CSF, IL-3, Peptides
4
2 Notable inhibitors of Histmaine Synthesis and Release
Beta-antagonists; Cromolyn
5
3 Notable Histamine Activating Factors
Gastrin, Ca2+, Vancomycin
6
Ig isotype that causes Histamine
IgE
7
Cytokine that stimulates B cell to produce IgE
IL-4
8
Cytokine that stimulates TH1 to release IFN-g
IL-12
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Release of histamine from granule matrix occurs by __ exchange
Cation
10
What percent of Mast Cell Granule does Histamine compose?
10%
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Major actions of H1 receptors
SM contraction; Stim of NO formation; Endothelial cell contraction; Incr vascular permeability
12
Major actions of H2 receptors
Simulation of gastric acid secretion
13
Major actions of H3 receptors
Inhibition of NT release
14
Mediator of H2 signaling
AC --> cAMP --> Decr Ca2+, SIRS, PG --> Extracellular
15
Mediator of H1 signaling
GD --> cGMP --> PG, EDRF --> Extracellular
16
Histamine receptors in lung
H1 - Bronchoconstrict; H2 - Bronchodilation
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Histamine receptors in heart
H1 - Slow AV conduction; H2 - Enhanced constraction
18
Histamine receptors in vasculature
H1, H2 - Microvasodilation; H1 - Permeability, Vasoconstriction
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Histamine receptors in neural tissue
H1, H3 - Nerve ending stim, wakefullness and sedation
20
Histamine effects on capillaries
No effect
21
Histamine effects on venules
H1 - Rapid onset short term dilation (cap permeability); H2 - Slow onset persisent dilation
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Histamine effects on Veins
H1 - Constriction of SM, Dilation of Endo; H2 - Dilation of SM
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Histamine effects on Arteries
H1 - Constriction of SM, Dilation of Endo; H2 - Dilation of SM
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Histamine effects on Arterioles
H1 - Rapid onset short term dilation; H2 - Slow onset persistent dilation
25
Effect of Mast Cells and Basophils on Mucus Glands
Diarrhea, Rhinorrhea, Bronchial secretion
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Effect of Mast Cells/Basophils on Sensory Nerves
Itching
27
Advantages of Second Gen Anti-histamines
Longer, Fewer doses, Non-sedating, Limited anti-cholinergic
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3 Notable Side Effects of 1st Gen H1-Antags
Impaired cognition, Dystonia, Nasal Congestion
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1st gen with highest anti-cholinergic
Phenothiazines (promethazine)
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1st gen with highest sedative effect
Phenothiazines (promethazine)
31
H1 blocker that acts on alpha-adrenergic
Promethazine
32
H1 blockers that act on Cholinergic receptors
Diphenhydramine, Promethazine
33
Experimental application of 2nd gen H1 blocker
Asthma
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Side effects of 2nd gen H1 antagonists
Mild Cognitive Disturbance; Appetite stimulation
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For what 2 applications are 1st gens better than 2nd
Atopic Dermatitis, Itching Dermatosis
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For what 4 applications are only 1st gens effective (over 2nd)
Motion sickness, Antiemetic, Appetite Stimulation, Insomia
37
H4 receptor function
Hematopoeitic Cells: Mast Cell-dependent recruitment of neutrophils during inflammation
38
Locations of H1 receptors other than SM and Endothelium
Adrenal Medulla, Heart, CNS
39
Locations of H3 receptors
CNS, PNS, Endothelium, Enterochromaffin cells
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Effect of H1 on Heart
Slowed AV conduction
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Effect of H2 on Heart
Enhanced contraction
42
Effect of H1 on Lungs
Bronchoconstriction
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Effect of H2 on Lungs
Bronchodilation
44
Effect of H1 on Neural Tissue
Nerve ending stimulation; Wakefullness and Sedation
45
Effect of H1 on Vasculature
Microvasodilation, Cap Permeability, Vasoconstriction
46
1st Gen H1 Antagonists
Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Promethazine
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