digestive system study guide

Question 1

a branch of medicine concerned with the structure, functions, diseases, and pathology of the stomach and intestines.

Answer 1

gastroenterology

Question 2

a medical doctor who specializes in conditions affecting your digestive system.

Answer 2

gastroenterologist
GI specialist

Question 3

a field in medicine dealing with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon.

Answer 3

colorectal surgery

Question 4

a branch of medicine concerned with the study, prevention, diagnosis, and management of diseases that affect the liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas.

Answer 4

hepatology

Question 5

a branch of medical science that is focused on the study and diagnosis of disease. Clinical pathology involves the examination of surgically removed organs, tissues (biopsy samples), bodily fluids, and in some cases the whole body (autopsy).

Answer 5

pathology

Question 6

work to prevent, assess, diagnose, and treat speech, language, social communication, cognitive-communication, and swallowing disorders in children and adults.

Answer 6

speech language pathologist

Question 6

medical doctors who diagnose, treat, and manage problems associated with your liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas.

Answer 6

hepatologist
liver specialist

Question 7

a physician who interprets and diagnoses the changes caused by disease in tissues and body fluids.

Answer 7

pathologist

Question 8

a hollow, muscular tube that carries food and liquid from your throat to your stomach. Muscles in your (blank) propel food down to your stomach.

Answer 8

esophagus

Question 8

a muscular tube in the middle of your neck. It helps you to breathe and digest food. Many medical issues can affect your (blank), from a common cold to cancer.

Answer 8

throat
pharynx

Question 9

a muscular hollow organ. It takes in food from the esophagus, mixes it, breaks it down, and then passes it on to the small intestine in small portions.

Answer 9

stomach

Question 10

is the first part of the small intestine. After foods mix with stomach acid, they move into the (blank), where they mix with bile from the gallbladder and digestive juices from the pancreas.

Answer 10

duodenum

Question 11

a watery acid fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by glands in the walls of the stomach

Answer 11

gastric juice

Question 12

The principal function of the(blank)is to break down food, absorb nutrients needed for the body, and get rid of the unnecessary components.

Answer 12

small intestine

Question 13

is the middle segment of the small intestine and functions primarily in the digestion and absorption of intestinal contents.

Answer 13

jejunum

Question 13

is the final portion of the small intestine. It absorbs any final nutrients.

Answer 13

ileum

Question 14

turns food waste into stool and passes it from the body through defecation.

Answer 14

large intestine
large bowel
colon

Question 15

The (blank) is large pouch forming the beginning of the large intestine. The appendix and the ileum of the small intestine both connect to the (blank).

Answer 15

cecum

Question 16

is a small, fingerlike pouch that connects to the end of the colon (large intestine)

Answer 16

appendix

Question 17

is the beginning part of the colon. It is usually located on the right side of the body, extending from the cecum upward.

Answer 17

ascending colon

Question 18

is the middle portion of the colon that extends across the abdominal cavity.

Answer 18

transverse colon

Question 19

is a section of the large intestine that passes downward. Its functions include storing food remains before they pass through the rest of the colon and rectum for elimination.

Answer 19

descending colon

Question 20

is the S-shaped section of the colon that connects to the rectum.

Answer 20

sigmoid colon

Question 21

is the last several inches of the large intestine closest to the anus.

Answer 21

rectum

Question 22

is the opening of the rectum (last part of the large intestine) to the outside of the body.

Answer 22

anus

Question 23

two main responsibilities in the process of digestion are to make/secrete bile and to process/purify the blood containing newly absorbed nutrients that are coming from the small intestine.

Answer 23

liver

Question 24

During digestion, your(blank)makes pancreatic juices called enzymes. These enzymes break down sugars, fats, and starches.

Answer 24

pancreas

Question 25

(blank) make saliva. Saliva helps moisten food so we can swallow it more easily. It also has an enzyme that makes it easier for the stomach to break down starches in food.

Answer 25

Salivary glands

Question 26

refers to bile production, storage, and secretion via the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts, which aids in digestion.

Answer 26

biliary system

Question 26

main function is to store bile that is produced by the liver.

Answer 26

gallbladder

Question 27

is a yellowish-green digestive fluid produced by your liver and stored by your gallbladder. It helps your body break down fats in the foods you eat.

Answer 27

bile

Question 28

(blank) is the process of breaking down food into substances the body can use for energy, tissue growth, and repair.

Answer 28

Digestion

Question 29

The small intestine (blank) most of the (blank) in your food, and your circulatory system passes them on to other parts of your body to store or use.

Answer 29

absorb nutrients

Question 30

The process of passing solid food waste out of the body

Answer 30

elimination

Question 31

is the act of eating food (or any other substance, such as medications) and letting it enter the body. In human beings, this process begins in the mouth.

Answer 31

ingestion

Question 32

create chemical reactions that help with a range of things, from breaking down food to building muscle.

Answer 32

enzymes

Question 33

is a ball-like mixture of food and saliva that forms in the mouth during the process of chewing.

Answer 33

bolus

Question 34

is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Answer 34

peristalsis

Question 35

Your body breaks down (blank) into glucose.

Answer 35

carbohydrates

Question 35

Digestive System can (blank) by eliminating toxic foods, by either vomiting or diarrhea. Kidneys (blank) by secreting toxins or filtering toxins out of the blood into urine. Liver (blank) by changing the chemical nature of many toxins.

Answer 35

detoxify

Question 36

are nutrients in food that the body uses to build cell membranes, nerve tissue (including the brain), and hormones. The body also uses (blank) as fuel.

Answer 36

fats

Question 37

increases the weight and size of your stool and softens it. A bulky stool is easier to pass, decreasing your chance of constipation.

Answer 37

fiber

Question 37

The body’s digestive system breaks down dietary (blank) into individual amino acids, which are absorbed and used by cells to build other proteins and a few other macromolecules, such as DNA.

Answer 37

protein

Question 38

are a group of substances that are needed for normal cell function, growth, and development.

Answer 38

vitamins

Question 39

is a nutrient that is needed in small amounts to keep the body healthy. (blank) include the elements calcium, magnesium, and iron.

Answer 39

minerals

Question 40

are cells on your tongue that allow you to perceive tastes, including sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami.

Answer 40

taste buds

Question 41

Potatoes, bread, rice, pasta, and cereals are all examples of (blank) and should make up just over a third of the food you eat

Answer 41

starchy foods

Question 42

is the top part of the mouth.The front portion is bony (hard blank), and the back portion is muscular (soft blank).

Answer 42

palate

Question 43

is the flap that covers the trachea during swallowing so that food does not enter the lungs.

Answer 43

epiglottis

Question 44

dys- // dis-

Answer 44

Meaning “painful” or “abnormal”

Question 45

endo- // endo-

Answer 45

Meaning “within”

Question 46

dia- // dia-

Answer 46

Meaning “through”

Question 46

epi- // epi

Answer 46

Meaning “above”

Question 47

hepat/o – hepat/o

Answer 47

Meaning “liver”

Question 48

cholecyst/o – colecist/o

Answer 48

Meaning “gallbladder”

Question 49

col/o – col/o

Answer 49

Meaning “large intestine”

Question 50

colon/o – colon/o

Answer 50

Meaning “large intestine”

Question 51

gastr/o – gastr/o

Answer 51

Meaning “stomach”

Question 52

abdomin/o – abdomin/o

Answer 52

Meaning “abdomen”

Question 53

lapar/o – lapar/o

Answer 53

Meaning “abdomen”

Question 54

append/o – apend/o

Answer 54

Meaning “appendix”

Question 55

-rrhea // -rrea

Answer 55

Meaning “flow” or “discharge”

Question 55

appendic/o – apendic/o

Answer 55

Meaning “appendix”

Question 56

-ectomy // -ectomía

Answer 56

Meaning “excision” or “surgical removal”

Question 57

-stomy // -stomía

Answer 57

Meaning “creation of an artificial opening”

Question 58

-scope // -scopio

Answer 58

Meaning “instrument used for visualization”

Question 59

-scopy // -scopia

Answer 59

Meaning “visual examination”