1/27- Ch. 1 (Exam 1) Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the definition of biology?
Study of life
What are the characteristics of life?
1) order
2) evolutionary adaptation
3) regulation
4) reproduction
5) response to environment
6) growth and development
7) energy processing
What is order? And what is the order?
Biological hierarchy
1) cell- basic unit of life
2) tissue- organized group of cells
3) organ- basic functions
4) organ systems- respiratory system, etc
5) organisms- some stop at cell level (bacteria)
What is regulation?
Exchange with environment
Ex: heat exchange
What is reproduction?
Maintaining population and passing on genetic info
Not every living thing will reproduce
Have to have the ability to reproduce
What are examples of responses to environment?
Plants
- photosynthesis
- leaves falling
- flowering
What are examples of energy processing?
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Digestion
What is the organization hierarchy from large to small?
1) biosphere- biotic (living)
2) ecosystem- climate (long term)
3) communities- groups of populations
4) population- same species, same place, same time
5) organisms- humans
6) organs
7) tissues
8) cells
9) organelle- specialized cellular structure
10) molecules- structure and function
What is are emergent properties?
Properties within a system
Can be nonbiological entities
Putting things together and things arise
What are 2 major types of cells?
1) eukaryotic cells
2) prokaryotic cells
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells that have membrane bound organelles
Tend to be more complex
Ex: liver cell, plant cell, algae
What are prokaryotic cells?
Lack membrane bound organelles
No nucleus
Ex: bacteria archaea (first cells on earth)
What is evolution?
Unifying concept in the biological world
Decent with modifications
Charles Darwin
Who is Charles Darwin?
Descent with modification (offspring with changes in the environment)
Credited with natural selection (mechanism of evolution- how it worked)
What is Darwin’s first observation?
Individuals within a population vary in their traits and are heritable
DNA (genes)——> proteins (work horse of cell)——> traits (eye, hair, skin color)
Vary—-> variation=mutation (changes in DNA)
What is Darwin’s second observation?
More offspring produced than survive
Competition between resources (food, water, shelter)
Being able to reproduce
Run or hide from predators
What is Darwin’s third observation?
Species with “right” adaptations survive under selective pressures of the environment
Right adaptations- reproduce viable and fertile offspring, survive
Selective pressure- predators, lack or resources, always changing
What is an adaptation?
Structures that allow organisms to reproduce and produce viable and fertile offspring under selective pressure
