3/2- Ch. 6 (Exam 2)

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

Basic units of life

All living things are composed of cells

Cells come from other cells

Question 2

What is the cell size?

Answer 2

Nm 10^-9 m

μm 10^-6 m

Has to do with surface area

Small size allows for max surface area

Question 3

What is surface area?

Answer 3

Allows for interactions with environment outside of cell

Question 4

What is the environment outside the cell called?

Answer 4

Extracellular environment

Question 5

How do you study cells?

Answer 5

Microscope

• compound light
• phase
• electron

Question 6

What are the 2 types of cells?

Answer 6

1) prokaryotic

2) eukaryotic

Question 7

What is prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Lack membrane bound organelles

No nucleus

Membrane bound organelles surround by phospholipid bilayer (membranes)

Ex: bacteria

Question 8

What is an organelle?

Answer 8

Structure within cells

Question 10

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 10

Structural support

Question 11

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 11

Regulates transport in and out of cell

Question 12

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 12

Site of protein synthesis

DNA—-> mRNA—-> protein

Question 13

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 13

Liquids + organelles are suspended

Question 14

What is eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

Have membrane bound organelle

Have plasma membrane

Endo membrane system

Cytosol

Cytoplasm

Plant cells- cell wall

Ex: plants, animals, fungi

Question 15

What is endo membrane systems?

Answer 15

Connects the membrane bound organelles

Question 16

What is cytosol?

Answer 16

Liquid inside cell

Question 17

What is the nucleus?

Answer 17

Membrane bound organelle

Have nuclear envelope

Have DNA packaged inside

Question 18

What is a nuclear envelope?

Answer 18

Double membrane surrounding nuclear

Contains pores to allow transport in and out of nucleus

Question 19

What are chromatin?

Answer 19

DNA + protein

Allows for packaging of DNA

Question 20

If chromatin is pulled apart what linear structures would you find?

Answer 20

Chromosomes

- each species has a specific amount

Question 21

What is the nucleus plasma?

Answer 21

Fluid in nucleus

Mostly water

Liquid matrix for reactions to occur

Question 22

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 22

Usually more than one (varies)

Within nucleus

Ribosomal DNA is synthesized

Question 23

What is the endoplasmic reticulum and the 2 kinds?

Answer 23

Network of membranes

1) rough ER
2) smooth ER

Question 24

What is rough ER?

Answer 24

Has ribosomes attaches to ER

Within lumen of ER are newly synthesized proteins are modifying/ folding into 1 formation

Ex: carbohydrates are added- glycoproteins
Lipids are added- lipoprotein

Question 25

What is smooth ER?

Answer 25

No ribosomes

Lipid metabolism

Ex: phospholipid synthesized
Steroids synthesized

Question 26

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 26

Within endo membrane system Associated with ER biological post office Add signaling peptide that direct where the newly synthesized proteins go

Question 27

What is another name for signaling protein?

Answer 27

Sorting signal

Question 28

What is a lysosome?

Answer 28

Membrane bound organelles Contains digestive hydrolytic enzymes to break things down

Question 29

What are primary lysosomes?

Answer 29

Combine with substance to be degraded

Question 30

What are secondary lysosomes?

Answer 30

Several primary lysosomes combine

Question 31

What is apoptosis?

Answer 31

Programmed cell death Lysosomes get signal from nucleus that cell needs to die

Question 32

What is peroxisome?

Answer 32

Membrane bound sacs Metabolize small compounds like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Plants have but specialized Degrade lipids

Question 33

What is hydrogen peroxide broken down by?

Answer 33

Catalase (enzyme)

Question 34

What is a mitochondrion?

Answer 34

Energy converting organelle Plays a major roll in respiration (ATP cellular energy) Double membrane Has mitochondrial DNA Has ribosomes

Question 35

What is mitochondrial DNA?

Answer 35

Info make mitochondrion enzymes Can have mutations

Question 36

What is the cytoskeleton and the 3 kinds?

Answer 36

Support of cell 1) microtubules 2) microfilament 3) intermediate filaments

Question 37

What are microtubulles?

Answer 37

Compose of tubulin (protein) Present in centrosome (functions for cell division) To make spindle fibers Makes up flagella and cilia Can be involved with moving things around cell Thick diameter

Question 38

What are microfilament?

Answer 38

Compose of actin (protein) Flexible support Thin diameter

Question 39

What are intermediate filaments?

Answer 39

Proteins of intermediate size Offer support to cell

Question 40

What is flagella used for?

Answer 40

Cell movement

Question 41

What is cilia used for?

Answer 41

Cell movement Absorption

Question 42

What is lumen?

Answer 42

Space between tubes

Question 43

What is the order of the cell outside in?

Answer 43

1) cell wall 2) plasma membrane 3) nucleotide region 4) ribosome 5) cytoplasm