3/9- Ch. 7 (Exam 2) Flashcards
(68 cards)
1
Q
What kind of cell is a plant cell?
A
Eukaryotic
2
Q
What is the cell wall composed of?
A
Cellulose- structural support
Hypotonic environment
3
Q
What is the function of a central vacuole?
A
Structural support and storage
4
Q
What is a chloroplast?
A
Site of photosynthesis
Autotrophic
Contains double membrane
Contains a pigment
Own genomes and ribosomes
5
Q
What is photosynthesis?
A
Ability to capture energy from light and transfer it to organic compounds
6
Q
What is the pigment in chloroplast?
A
Chlorophyll
Can absorb light
7
Q
What are peroxisomes in plants?
A
Detoxify organic compounds
Recycle organic molecules
8
Q
Are bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
A
Prokaryotic
9
Q
Do bacteria have a nucleus?
A
No
10
Q
Where is the DNA located in bacteria?
A
Nucleoid
11
Q
Do bacteria have chloroplast?
A
No
12
Q
Do bacteria have endo membrane systems?
A
No
13
Q
Do bacteria have ribosomes?
A
Yes
14
Q
Do bacteria have mitochondria?
A
No
15
Q
Do bacteria have RER or SER?
A
No
16
Q
Do bacteria have a cell membrane?
A
Yes
17
Q
Do bacteria have a cell wall?
A
Yes
18
Q
Are plants prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
A
Eukaryotic
19
Q
Do plants have a nucleus?
A
Yes
20
Q
Where is the DNA located in plants?
A
Nucleus
21
Q
Do plants have chloroplast?
A
Yes
22
Q
Do plants have endo membrane systems?
A
Yes
23
Q
Do plants have ribosomes?
A
Yes
24
Q
Do plants have mitochondria?
A
Yes
25
Do plants have RER or SER?
Yes
26
Do plants have cell membrane and cell walls?
Yes
27
Are animals prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic
28
Do animals have a nucleus?
Yes
29
Where is DNA located in animals?
Nucleus
30
Do animals have chloroplast?
No
31
Do animals have endo membrane systems?
Yes
32
Do animals have ribosomes?
Yes
33
Do animals have mitochondria?
Yes
34
Do animals have RER or SER?
Yes
35
Do animals have a cell membrane?
Yes
36
Do animals have a cell wall?
No
37
What is the plasma membrane and explain?
Phospholipid bilayer
2 layers of phospholipids
Hydrophilic head- phosphate group
Hydrophobic tails- hydrocarbons (saturated and unsaturated)
38
What are glycoproteins?
Self vs nonself
Cell signaling
39
What are glycolipids?
Cell signaling
40
What are carbohydrates?
Self vs nonself
41
What are peripheral proteins?
On one side
Either outside cell or inside cell
42
What are integral proteins?
Embedded in phospholipid bilayer
Has hydrophobic amino acids
43
What is the fluid mosaic model?
Fluid- cholesterol in hydrophobic tails lead to movement
Mosaic- glycoproteins, glycolipids, carbohydrates, peripheral proteins, integral proteins
44
What is a semi permeable membrane?
Some molecules can pass through others can’t
45
What can pass through semi permeable membrane?
Small hydrophobic molecules
- oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen
Small hydrophilic molecules
- water, glycerol
46
What can’t pass through semi permeable membrane?
Large uncharged molecules
| - glucose, sucrose, ions
47
What is diffusion?
Passive physical process
No energy input
Movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration
Concentration gradient- difference in concentration
48
What are the 4 factors that affect diffusion rate?
1) state of matter
2) molecule weight
3) concentration
4) temperature
49
What is dynamic equilibrium?
No gradient
Still movement but cancel each other out
50
What is osmosis?
Water find down it’s concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane
51
What is isotonic?
Same solute concentration inside and outside cell
52
What is hypertonic?
More solute concentration inside cell so water moves out
53
What is hypotonic?
Less solute concentration inside cell so water moves in
54
What is facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion with help
No energy input
Diffusion with channel or carrier protein
- ion channel, glucose carrier protein etc
55
What is active transport?
Against concentration gradient
ATP is required
56
What are 2 examples of active transport?
1) primary active transport
- Na+ / K+ pump
- 3 Na+ pumped out
- 2 K+ pumped in
2) proton pump
- H+ pumped against concentration gradient
- ATP required
57
What is secondary transport?
Movement against concentration gradient
Energy for uphill transport comes from an ion gradient (requires ATP to maintain)
Ex’s:
- glucose uphill transport from Na*/ K+ pump
- sucrose uphill transport H+ pump
58
What is endocytosis and the 3 kinds?
Movement into cell
1) pinocytosis
2) phagocytosis
3) receptor mediated
59
What is pinocytosis?
Cell drinking
Solute in fluid surrounded by a vesicle formed by plasma membrane
Vesicle comes off membrane and goes into cell
60
What is phagocytosis?
Cell eating
When a solid needs to be eaten
Surrounded by vacuole
Vacuole formed by plasma membrane
61
What is receptor mediated endocytosis?
Receptor on cell surface
Receptor brings to a ligand
Coated vesicles forms from plasma membrane
Vesicle comes off membrane and goes into the cell
Ex: cholesterol
62
What is exocytosis?
Substance is made in cell
Surrounded by secretory vesicles
Vesicle binds with membrane and dumps out of the cell
Golgi apparatus involved in making vesicles
63
What are the different types of intercellular junctions?
1) plasmadesmata
2) gap junctions
3) tight junctions
4) desmosomes
5) intercalated disc
64
What is plasmadesmata?
Connections between plant cells
Cell walls merge between different cells and allows for molecules to move between cells
65
What are gap junctions?
In animal cells (cardiac muscle)
Channels between cells
Can be opened or closed
Allow for passage of small molecules or ions between cells
66
What are tight junctions?
Bind cells together
Form continuous sheets
In intestines
67
What are desmosomes?
Fibrous structures that bind cells tightly together
68
What are intercalated discs?
Highly specialized junctions
In cardiac muscle
Allows electrical impulses to move from cell to cell
