1- Anatomy

Question 1

How many bones are in the foot?

Answer 1

26 (not including the sesamoids)

Question 2

How many joints are in the foot?

Answer 2

35

Question 3

Where is the os vesalinium found?

Answer 3

proximal 5th met base

Question 4

where is os tibiale externum found?

Answer 4

accessory navicular

Question 5

where is os intermetatarsium found?

Answer 5

btwn medial cuneiform and bases of 1st and 2nd mets

Question 6

where is os supranaviculare found?

Answer 6

dorsal aspect of navicular

Question 7

where is os peroneum found?

Answer 7

sesamoid bone in PB tendon at cuboid

Question 8

what attaches periosteum to bone?

Answer 8

sharpey’s fibers

Question 9

what are the different types of coalitions?

Answer 9

synostosis- osseous
synochondrosis- cartilaginous
syndesmosis- fibrous

Question 10

Name the AVN of navicular.

Answer 10

Kohler’s disease

*you navigate thru Kohl’s

Question 11

Name the AVN of the talus.

Answer 11

Diaz

Question 12

Name the AVN of the cuneiforms.

Answer 12

Buschke

Question 13

What is blount’s disease?

Answer 13

AVN of the proximal, medial tibial epiphysis

Question 14

What is the difference between a coalition and a bar?

Answer 14

coalition (bridge)- is an intra-articular fusion of two bones that normally articulate

bar- extra-articular fusion of bones that do NOT normally articulate

Question 15

what is teh most common coalition in the foot?

Answer 15

distal and middle phalanx of 5th digit

Question 16

what is the most common coalition in the rearfoot?

Answer 16

talocalcaneal (middle facet)

Question 17

what is a Steida process?

Answer 17

enlarged os trigonum

Question 18

what is the only bone in the foot without any muscle origin or tendon insertion?

Answer 18

talus

Question 19

what deformity will result from cutting teh QP?

Answer 19

adductovarus deformity of digits 4 and 5

Question 20

what is the O/I of extensor hallucis capsularis?

Answer 20

O- EHL muscle/tendon

I-1st MPJ capsule

Question 21

what are teh plantar muscle layers of the foot from superficial to deep?

Answer 21

1. ABH, FDB, ABDM
2. QP, lumbricals; FDL tendon
3. FHB, ADH, FDMB
4. plantar interossei, dorsal interossei

Question 22

what angle do teh ATFL and CFL create?

Answer 22

105 deg

Question 23

what tendons pass over the lateral ankle ligaments?

Answer 23

PB and PL

Question 24

what is teh Master Knot of Henry?

Answer 24

fibrous connection btwn the FHL and FDL tendons

Question 25

Are the sesamoids intra-capsular or extra-capsular?

Answer 25

intra-capsular

Question 26

what is teh Lisfranc ligament?

Answer 26

attaches lateral aspect of medial cuneiform to medial base of 2nd met

Question 27

what structures in the Lisfranc joint are NOT connected by ligaments?

Answer 27

1st and 2nd mets

Question 28

what is the spring ligament aka?

Answer 28

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Question 29

what ligaments compose the bifurcate ligament/

Answer 29

dorsal calcaneonavicular | calcaneocuboid ligamenets

Question 30

whcih is stronger? the lateral ankle ligaments or the deltoid ligament?

Answer 30

deltoid ligament

Question 31

what are the components of teh deltoid ligament?

Answer 31

tibionavicular tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar anterior tibiotalar

Question 32

what tendons pass over the deltoid ligament?

Answer 32

tibialis posterior and FDL

Question 33

what are the lateral ankle ligaments?

Answer 33

calcaneofibular anterior talofibular posterior talofibular

Question 34

which ankle ligaments are extra-capsular? which are intra-capsular?

Answer 34

calcaneofibular ligament is extra-capsular; all others are capsular

Question 35

What ligaments support the ankle syndesmosis?

Answer 35

AITFL PITFL interosseous tib-fib lig

Question 36

What is the Bassett ligament?

Answer 36

AITFL

Question 37

what is anotehr name for the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 37

laciniate ligament

Question 38

what is anotehr name for the superior extensor retinaculum?

Answer 38

cruciate crural ligament

Question 39

where does teh plantaris insert?

Answer 39

medial to the Achilles tendon in the calcaneus

Question 40

what is teh incidence of peroneus quartus?

Answer 40

7%

Question 41

what is the Hoke tonsil?

Answer 41

fibrous fatty plug within the sinus tarsi

Question 42

what inserts at the pes anserinus?

Answer 42

semitendinosus gracilis sartorius

Question 43

what is a bakers cyst?

Answer 43

swelling of the bursa between the tendons fo the medial head of the gastroc and the semi-membranosus muscles

Question 44

what is a fabella?

Answer 44

sesamoid bone found in tendon of lateral head of gastroc

Question 45

does a neuroma lie dorsal or plantar to the deep transverse intermetatarsal ligament (from a drosal approach)?

Answer 45

plantar

Question 46

where do interossei and lumbricals lie in relationship to the deep transverse intermetatarsa ligament?

Answer 46

interossei- dorsal | lumbricals-plantar

Question 47

what nerves form the sural nerve?

Answer 47

medial sural cutaneous nerve (branch of tibial n.) | sural communicating branch (br. of lateral sural cut. n.)

Question 48

what layers of the foot do the plantar nerves run?

Answer 48

medial plantar n. - in the 1st layer (btwn FDB and ABH) | lateral plantar n.- btwn the 1st and 2nd

Question 49

what are the sources of blood supply to tendons?

Answer 49

myotendinous junction paratenon and at insertion to bone

Question 50

what are teh 3 sources of blood supply to the talus?

Answer 50

(essentially the 3 major blood supplies to the foot) superior surface of head& neck- artery of sinus tarsi and branch from anterior tibial a. or dorsalis pedis medial side of body- artery of tarsal canal and posterior tibial a. lateral tubercle- anastomosis of branch of peroneal a. with medial calcaneal branch