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Crozer Keystone Residency Manual > 9-Trauma > Flashcards

9-Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What does the primary survey of a trauma patient consist of?

A 
ABCDE
Airway
Breathing
Circulation 
Disability- assess neurologic status
Exposure of patient and environmental control
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2
Q

What should always be asked with a break in the skin?

A

tetanus status

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3
Q

What is a clinical test for a fracture?

A

point tenderness over a fracture site

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4
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: distal phalangeal/nail

A

Rosenthal

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5
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: 1st Metatarsophalangeal

A

Jahss

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6
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: 5th met base

A

Stewart

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7
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: Lisfranc joint

A

Quenu & Kuss, Hardcastle

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8
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: navicular

A

Watson-Jones

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9
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: posterior tibial tendon

A

Conti (based on MRI findings)

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10
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: talar neck

A

Hawkins

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11
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: talar body

A

Sneppen

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12
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: talar dome

A

Berndt & Hardy, Fallot & Wy

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13
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: calcaneus

A

Rowe
Essex-Lopresti
Sanders

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14
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: anterior process of calcaneal fx

A

Degan

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15
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: ankle sprains

A

O’Donoghue, Leach, Rasmussen

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16
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: physeal ankle fx

A

Dias & Tachdijan

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17
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: pediatric physeal injuries

A

Salter-harris

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18
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: ankle fx

A

Lauge-Hansen, Danis-Weber

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19
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: Pilon fx (distal tibial metaphysis)

A

Ruedi & Allgower, Dias &Tachdjian

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20
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: Achilles rupture

A

Kuwada

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21
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: open fx

A

Gustillo

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22
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: non-unions

A

Weber & Cech

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23
Q

Name the appropriate classification for: frostbite

A

Orr & Fainer, Washburn

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24
Q

Which is the most stable fx pattern?

A

transverse

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25
Q

what is the Vassal principle?

A

internal fixation of the primary fracture will assist in stabilization of the secondary fx

26
Q

What are possible complciations of fx?

A 
delayed union
non-union
pseudoarthrosis
osteoarthritis
AVN
27
Q

what is the most common cause of non-healing for a bone fx?

A

improper immobilization

28
Q

are dorsal or plantar Lisfranc dislocations more common?

A

dorsal- the plantar ligaments are stronger than dorsal

29
Q

what are the ottawa ankle rules for obtaining ankle films?

A

inability to bear weight both immediately and in ED
bony tenderness at posterior edge or distal 6cm of lateral malleolus
bony tenderness at posterior edge or distal 6 cm of medial malleolus

30
Q

what are the ottawa ankle rules for obtaining foot films?

A

inability to bear weight both immediatey and in the ED
bony tenderness at base of 5th met
bony tenderness at navicular

31
Q

what is the classification system for talar dome lesions?

A

Berndt & hardy

32
Q

what stages of Berndt & Hardy are often associated with lateral ankle ligament ruptures?

A

II, III. IV

33
Q

What are the common locations of talar dome lesions and their mechanisms of injury?

A

*mnemonic- DIAL A PIMP
Dorsiflexion/ inversion –> anterior lateral lesions
plantarflexion/inversion –> medial posterior lesions

34
Q

What is teh Hawkins sign?

A

presence of subchondral talar dome osteopenia seen 6-8 weeks after talar fx signifiying intact vascularity
*ABSENCE of sign implies AVN

35
Q

what is the sneppen classification?

A

talar body fx

36
Q

what percentage of fx of the talus involve the calcaneus?

A

60%

37
Q

What is Mondor’s sign?

A

plantar, rearfoot ecchymosis that is pathogneumonic for calcaneal fx

38
Q

how is bohler’s angle affected by a calcneal fx?

A

decreases with intra-articular calcaneal fx

39
Q

how is teh critical angle of gissane affected by a calcaneal fx?

A

increases with intra-articular calcaneal fx

40
Q

what fx are commonly associated with calcaneal fx?

A

vertebral fx- esp L1
femoral neck
tibial plateau

41
Q

what is the mechanism of injury for an anterior process fx?

A

inversion with plantarflexion

42
Q

what are some clinical exam tests/ radiographic imaging for ligament pathology?

A 
anterior draw test 
calcaneofibulr stress inversion 
abductions tress 
ankle arthrogram
peroneal tenography
43
Q

Describe the talar tilt test.

A

> 10 deg indicates rupture of CFL

44
Q

what are teh clinical symptoms of an Achilles tendon rupture?

A 
pain with history of "pop" 
weakness or loss of fxn 
palpable dell in area of ruptured tendon 
inability to perform single leg rise
increased ankle dorsiflexion
45
Q

what is the thompson test?

A

a positive test results when squeezing of the calf does NOT plantarflex the foot

46
Q

What is the Hoffa sign?

A

increased dorsiflexion compared to contralateral leg with the inability to perform a single leg rise test

47
Q

what is a radiographic finding of an Achilles tendon rupture?

A

disruption of kager’s triangle

48
Q

what is te most common location for the achilles tendon to rupture?

A

1.5- 4.0 cm proximal to calcaneal insertion

49
Q

Name the fx: Pott fx

A

bimalleolar fx

50
Q

Name the fx: Cotton fx

A

tri-malleolar fx

51
Q

Name the fx: Tillaux-Chaput

A

avulsion of AITFL from the anterior lateral tibia

52
Q

Name the fx: Wagstaff

A

avulsion of AITFL from the anterior medial fibula

53
Q

Name the fx:Volkmann

A

avulsion of PITFL from the tibia

54
Q

Name the fx: Maisonneauve

A

proximal fibular fx

55
Q

What is the most common mechanism of injury for an ankle fracture?

A

SER (supination- external rotation)

56
Q

what is the MOI causing a transverse lateral malleolar fx?

A

SAD I

57
Q

what is the MOI causing a short, oblique medial malleolar fx?

A

SAD II

58
Q

what is teh MOI causing a short, oblique lateral malleolar fx (AP view)?

A

PAB III

59
Q

What is teh MOI causing a spiral, lateral malleolar fx with a psoterior spike (AP and lateral views)?

A

SER II

60
Q

what is the MOI to the ankle with a high fibular fx? What is this fx called?

A

PER II

maisonneauve fx

Crozer Keystone Residency Manual (8 decks)

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