Flashcards in 5-Medicine Deck (21)
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1
What are the reasons for post-op fever?
Wind (12-24hr): atelectasis
Water (~24 hr): UTI
Walk (~48 hr): DVT/PE
Wound (~72 hrs): post-op infection
Wonder drug (anytime): drug fever
2
What part of the brain regulates the body's temperature?
hypothalamus
3
What is malignant hyperthermia? name the s/s.
side effect of general anesthesia- tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities
4
What is the treatment for malignant hyperthermia?
Dantrolene. (for muscle relaxation
2.5mg/kg IV then 1mg/kg IV rapid push q6h until sx subside or until max dose of 10mg/kg
5
if a risk of malignant hyperthermia is suspected, what preop test may be performed?
CPK- elevated in 79% of patients with malignant hyperthermia
6
what is the moa of local anesthetics?
block VG-Na+ channels and conduction of AP along sensory nerves
7
what is the toxic dose of lidocaine (Xylocaine)? plain and with epi?
plain- 300mg
w/ epi- 500mg
8
what is the toxic dose of bupivicaine (marcaine)?
plain- 175mg
w/ epi- 225 mg
9
how do you convert percentage of solution to mg/mL?
move decimal point of percentage one place to right
e.g. 1% solution has 10mg/mL
10
What are the side effects of lidocaine and bupivicaine associated with systemic exposure?
CNS- initial excitation (dizziness, blurred vision, tremor, seizures) followed by depression (resp. depression, LOC)
CV- hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
11
what can be given to help reverse local anesthetic-induced CV collapse?
IV fat emulsion (intralipid)
12
how are amides like lidocaine and bupivicaine metabolized?
liver (p450s)
13
how are esters like Novocain metabolized?
plasma pseudocholinesterase
14
what is the only local anesthetic with vasoconstriction?
cocaine
15
is there a risk with intra-articular injections of bupivicaine?
studies have shown chondrocyte death following prolonged exposure to bupivicaine
16
in what age group should bupivicaine be avoided?
children
17
for anesthesia, what cannot be given to a patient with an egg shell allergy?
propofol (Dipirivan)
18
what is the 1st choice for non-narcotic oral?
tramadol (Ultram) 50mg one to two tabs PO q4-6hr prn
19
what is the 1st choice for non-narcotic IV?
ketorolac (Toradol) 30-60mg IV
20
what therapeutic effects are seen with acetaminophen?
analgesic and anti-pyretic
21
