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MSK Exam 1 > 1: Back Osteology > Flashcards

1: Back Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

Jefferson Fracture / Burst Fracutre

A

Fracture of both arches of the atlas (C1)

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2
Q

What causes Jefferson fracture

A

Blow to the top of the head

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3
Q

Does the Jefferson fracture injury the spinal cord typically?

A

No; unless the transverse ligament is ruptured too

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4
Q

Two types of Axis (C2) fractures

A

Hangman’s fracture, fracture of the dens

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5
Q

Hangman’s fracture

A

Vertebral arch fracture of C2, usually from hyperextending the head

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6
Q

What would break first, the dens or the transverse ligament?

A

Dens is weaker = breaks first

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7
Q

Dens healing if it breaks at the base vs inferior to the base

A

At the base: will not heat (no blood supply there)

Inferior to the base: much more likely to heal

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8
Q

Why are C spine vertebrae more likely to dislocate

A

They are more horizontal instead of anterior/posterior facing

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9
Q

Why is there not always injury involved with cervical vertebrae dislocations

A

C spine vertebral foramen is pretty large and accommodating

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10
Q

Spina bifida occulta

A

Vertebral lamina fails to close at vertebral canal of L5-S1

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11
Q

Spina bifida cystica

A

Incorporates neural tissue and meninges into spina bifida occulta

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12
Q

Spondylosis

A

DJD, calcification of edges of vertebral body -> pain and stiffness

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13
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Separation of vertebral arch from vertebral body

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14
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Anterior displacement of vertebral body on inferior vertebral segment, can occur secondarily to spondylolysis

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15
Q

Lumbar spinal stenosis

A

Narrowing of lumbar vertebral foramen - May cause compression of 1+ spinal nerve roots

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16
Q

Where to insert needle for lumbar puncture

A

Between L3/L4 or L4/L5

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17
Q

What creates a pop noise when doing a lumbar puncture?

A

Passing needle through the ligamentum flavum

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18
Q

Where do you want the needle to end up in a lumbar puncture?

A

Lumbar cistern; deep to arachnoid mater

19
Q

Sacrilization of L5 vertebra

A

Partial/complete incorporation of L5 vertebral segment into the sacrum

20
Q

Lumbarization of S1 vertebra

A

Separation of S1 from sacrum

21
Q

Coccygodynia cause

A

Coccygeal trauma

22
Q

Kyphosis vs lordosis

A

Kyphosis: exaggerated T spine curvature
Lordosis: exaggerated L spine curvature

23
Q

Two things transmitted in the mastoid foramen

A

Mastoid emissary V + meningeal branch of occipital A

24
Q

What does the mandibular fossa articulate with?

A

Condylar process of mandible at TMJ

25
Q

What do the occipital condyles articulate with?

A

Superior articulating process of the atlas

26
Q

Where is the groove for the vertebral artery on C1?

A

On the posterior arch

27
Q

What transmits the vertebral artery in the C spine?

A

Transverse foramen C1-C6

28
Q

Where are spinous processes often bifid?

A

C spine

29
Q

Anterior tubercle on C6 is called what?

A

Carotid tubercle

30
Q

Superior vs inferior costal facet on T spine

A

Superior costal facet: art w costal head of same numeric segment
Inferior costal facet: art w costal head of rib below

31
Q

Transverse costal facets

A

Articulate with costal tubercle of same numeric segment

32
Q

Crest of the head of the rib

A

Separates superior and inferior articular facets of the rib

33
Q

What runs in the costal groove of ribs?

A

Intercostal N’s and vessels

34
Q

Accessory process of L spine transverse processes

A

At the base of the transverse process; attachment site for intertransversarii muscles

35
Q

Mammillary process: two attachments

A

Multifidi, intertransversarii

36
Q

Sacral promontory

A

Anteriorly-projecting edge of vertebral body of S1

37
Q

What do the auricular surfaces of the sacral alae articulate with?

A

Articular surface of ilium

38
Q

Medial, median, and lateral sacral crests

A

Medial: fused spinous processes
Median: fused articulating processes
Lateral: fused transverse processes

39
Q

What do the posterior and anterior sacral foramina transmit?

A

Posterior: posterior rami
Anterior: anterior rami

40
Q

What forms the sacral hiatus?

A

Gap left due to absence of lamina and spinous processes of S5

41
Q

What what do the transverse lines of the anterior sacrum represent?

A

Fusion of the sacral vertebrae

42
Q

What does the sacral canal transmit?

A

Cauda equina

43
Q

What does the coccygeal cornua articulate with?

A

Sacral cornua

MSK Exam 1 (25 decks)

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