9: Gluteal Region / Muscles

Question 1

Superior and inferior boundaries of gluteal region

Answer 1

Superior: iliac crest
Inferior: gluteal sulcus

Question 2

Three major bursae of the gluteal region

Answer 2

Ischial, trochanteric, gluteofemoral

Question 3

Which two ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

Answer 3

Sacrotuberous L, sacrospinous L

Question 4

What muscle exits gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 4

Piriformis

Question 5

What six things exit the gluteal region via the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 5

1. Sciatic N
2. Posterior femoral cutaneous N
3. Pudendal N
4. Superior gemellus/obturator internus N
5. Internal pudendal A
6. Gluteal neurovascular bundles

Question 6

Three things that enter the gluteal region via the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 6

1. Pudendal N
2. Internal pudendal A
3. Superior gemellus/obturator internus N

Question 7

One thing that exits the gluteal region via the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 7

Obturator internus M

Question 8

Five muscles in the vertically-oriented group of the gluteal region

Answer 8

1. Gluteus maximus
2. Gluteus minimus
3. Gluteus medius
4. Piriformis
5. Tensor fascia lata

Question 9

Four muscles in the horizontally-oriented group of the gluteal region

Answer 9

1. Obturator internus
2. Superior gemellus
3. Inferior gemellus
4. Quadratus femoris

Question 10

Gluteus maximus O and I

Answer 10

O: lateral sacral crest, sacrotuberous L
I: gluteal tuberosity, IT band

Question 11

Chief extensor of the thigh

Answer 11

Gluteus maximus

Question 12

Gluteus maximus A

Answer 12

Thigh extension, lateral rotation, slight leg extension

Question 13

Gluteus maximus vs medius/minimus innervation

Answer 13

Maximus: inferior gluteal N

Medius/minimus: superior gluteal N

Question 14

Gluteus medius and minimus O and I

Answer 14

O: ilium
I: greater trochanter

Question 15

Gluteus medius and minimus action

Answer 15

Thigh abduction, medial rotation

Question 16

What muscle demarcates gluteal blood vessels and nerves?

Answer 16

Piriformis

Question 17

Piriformis O and I

Answer 17

O: anterior sacrum
I: greater trochanter

Question 18

piriformis N

Answer 18

Nerve to piriformis

Question 19

Tensor fascia lata N

Answer 19

Superior gluteal N

Question 20

Tensor fascia lata A

Answer 20

Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh; slight extension of leg

Question 21

IT band

Answer 21

Thickening of fascia lata on lateral leg

Question 22

Functions of the IT band

Answer 22

Extends leg, decelerates thigh adduction, laterally stabilizes the patella

Question 23

How to treat chondromalacia?

Answer 23

Stretch the IT band

Question 24

What does the IT band work with and against to stabilize the patella?

Answer 24

With: vastus lateralis
Against: vastus medialis

Question 25

IT band acting as an extensor vs flexor of the knee

Answer 25

Center of rotation within boundaries of the IT band -> extensor of the knee Center of rotation anterior to IT band -> flexor of the knee

Question 26

Obturator internus O and I

Answer 26

O: ilium, ischium, obturator membrane I: greater trochanter

Question 27

Obturator internus N

Answer 27

Superior gemellus N

Question 28

Triceps coxae

Answer 28

Obturator internus + superior and inferior gemelli

Question 29

Superior and inferior gemelli O and I

Answer 29

O: ischial spine (superior), ischial tuberosity (inferior) I: medial greater trochanter

Question 30

Quadratus femoris O and I

Answer 30

O: ischial tuberosity I: quadrate tubercle

Question 31

Quadratus femoris A

Answer 31

Lateral rotation

Question 32

Gluteus medius and minimus during stance and swing phases of gait cycle

Answer 32

Stance: flexed Swing: relaxed

Question 33

Gluteal Gate (AKA Duchenne’s Limp): cause

Answer 33

Superior gluteal N injury, causing weakness of the gluteus medius and minimus

Question 34

Positive sign with a gluteal gate

Answer 34

Trendelenburg’s sign