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MSK Exam 1 > 16: Foot And Ankle > Flashcards

16: Foot And Ankle Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Plantar aponeurosis

A

Central longitudinal thickening of plantar fascia that divides into five bands that enclose digit tendons

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2
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

Plantar aponeurosis inflammation at calcaneus

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3
Q

What can plantar fasciitis cause?

A

Heel spurs, esp. on medial calcaneal tubercle

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4
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis insertion

A

Phalanges 2-4 MP joints

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5
Q

The two dorsal foot muscles form a fleshy mass where?

A

Lateral dorsum, anterior to lateral malleolus

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6
Q

Dorsal foot innervation vs plantar foot innervation

A

Dorsum: deep fibular N
Plantar: medial and lateral plantar nerves

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7
Q

Plantar layer 1 muscles

A

Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis

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8
Q

Plantar layer 2 muscles

A

Quadratus plantae, lumbricals

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9
Q

Tendons in layer 2 and layer 4

A

Layer 2: FHL, FDL

Layer 4: tibialis posterior, fibularis longus

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10
Q

Quadratus plantae function

A

Joins FDL tendons to calcaneus, assisting FDL in flexing the lateral four digits

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11
Q

What forms the medial aspect of the extensor expansion?

A

Lumbricals

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12
Q

Lumbrical origin

A

FDL tendon

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13
Q

Lumbrical action

A

Flexes MP joint, extend PIP and DIP joints

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14
Q

Which muscle’s tendons have sesamoid bones in them?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis

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15
Q

Purpose of sesamoid bones in food

A

Protect 1st metatarsal head and tendon of FHL when staining and walking

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16
Q

Which is the ghost muscle in layer three that “doesn’t really exist”

A

Opponens digiti minimi

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17
Q

Plantar interossei action

A

Adduct digits 2,3,4, away from midline of 2nd

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18
Q

Dorsal interossei action

A

Abduct digits 2,3,4 away from midline of 2nd digit

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19
Q

Hallux valgus

A

Lateral deviation of great toe -> swelling and pressure that can cause a bursa called a bunion

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20
Q

Corns

A

Inflamed area of thick skin over proximal interphalangeal joints

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21
Q

What causes mallet toe, hammer toe, claw toe, and trigger toe deformities?

A

Shortened flexor muscles

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22
Q

Which toes are involved in mallet, hammer, claw, and trigger toe?

A

Mallet/hammer/claw: lateral four toes

Trigger: large toe

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23
Q

Mallet toe

A

Flexion of DIP

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24
Q

Hammer toe

A

Extension at MP joint + flexion at PIP

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25
Claw toe
Extension at MP joint + flexion at PIP and DIP
26
Trigger toe
Extended MP, flexion at IPs
27
What nerve forms the medial and lateral plantar N’s
Tibial N
28
Medial plantar N path
Deep to abductor hallucis -> anterior between abductor hallucis + flexor digitorum brevis
29
Medial plantar N termination
Into four sensory branches near metatarsal bases
30
Four muscles innervated by medial plantar N (rest of plantar foot innervated by lateral plantar N)
1. Abductor hallucis 2. Flexor digitorum brevis 3. Medial-most lumbrical 4. Flexor hallucis brevis
31
Lateral plantar N path
Deep to abductor hallucis -> anterolaterally deep to flexor digitorum brevis
32
Termination of lateral plantar N
Superficial + deep branches
33
Five nerves that innervate the cutaneous foot and the area they innervate
1. Deep fibular N: small area between 1st and 2nd digits 2. Superficial fibular N: rest of dorsum 3. Sural N branches: lateral foot 4. Medial plantar N: medial plantar 5. Lateral plantar N: lateral plantar
34
Which two arteries in the dorsal and plantar foot meet to form the plantar arch?
Deep plantar A + lateral plantar A
35
Where does the posterior tibial A divide into medial and lateral plantar A’s?
Deep to abductor hallucis
36
What does the lateral plantar A run with?
Lateral plantar N
37
Medial ankle ligament
Deltoid ligament
38
Four parts of the deltoid ligament
1. Anterior tibiotalar 2. Tibionavicular 3. Tibocalcaneal 4. Posterior tibiotalar
39
Medial ankle ligament A
Stabilizes ankle during eversion
40
Three lateral ligaments of the ankle
1. Posterior tibiofibular 2. Anterior tibiofibular 3. Anterior talofibular
41
Two ligaments that make up the tibiofibular syndesmosis
Anterior tibiofibular + posterior tibiofibular L
42
Which ligaments are involved in high ankle sprains
Lateral ligaments
43
The ankle joint: other name + bones involved
Talocrural joint; tibia, fibula, talus
44
When is the malleoli grip on trochlea of talus the strongest?
During dorsiflexion
45
Talocrural joint type
Hinge synovial joint
46
Only movement allowed in talocrural joint
Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
47
Transverse tarsal joint: two joint components
Calcaneocuboid + talonavicular joints
48
What motion does the transverse tarsal joint add to?
Inversion/eversion
49
Where is a standard transection for a surgical foot amputation
Transverse tarsal joint
50
Subtalar joint other name
Talocalcaneal joint
51
Main movement of subtalar joint
Inversion/eversion
52
What ligament supports the subtalar joint?
Interosseous talocalcaneal L
53
What action causes almost all ankle sprainns?
Inversion
54
Functions of the foot arches
Absorb shock during weight bearing, make foot adaptable to surface and weight changes
55
Three major ligaments that stabilize the arches of the foot
1. Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular L) 2. Long plantar L 3. Shot plantar L
56
Four muscles that stabilize the medial portion of the longitudinal arch
1. FHL 2. FDL 3. Tibialis posterior 4. Tibialis anterior
57
Two major stabilizers of the transverse arch
1. Adductor hallucis | 2. Transverse ligaments
58
Difference between stabilizers of the forefoot vs of the metatarsus and tarsus
Forefoot: passive stabilizers only | Metatarsus and tarsus: active stabilizers only
59
Pes transversoplanus
Loss of transverse arch
60
Pes planus
Loss of longitudinal arch (usually medial portion) -> flat feet
61
What two things become abnormally stretched in pes planus
Plantar L’s + plantar aponeurosis

MSK Exam 1 (25 decks)

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