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MSK Exam 1 > 11: Tissue Architecture > Flashcards

11: Tissue Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

Microfilament structure

A

F-actin filaments; form plus and minus ends

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2
Q

Stability of microfilaments

A

Generally unstable but many different proteins bind to it to help stabilize and strengthen it

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3
Q

Microfilament functions

A

Cell movements: locomotion, phagocytosis, division, contraction, etc.

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4
Q

Three drugs that affect actin filaments

A

Phalloidin, Cytochalasin, Latrunculin

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5
Q

Phalloidin

A

Binds and stabilizes microfilaments -> used in lab attached to fluorescent proteins to visualize cell shape

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6
Q

Cytochalasin

A

Caps microfilament plus end, preventing polymerization

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7
Q

Latrunculin

A

Binds actin monomers, preventing polymerization

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8
Q

Microtubule structure

A

Alpha and beta tubulin subunits form microtubules with plus and minus end; forming long, stiff tubes with a hollow core

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9
Q

Microtubule function

A

Organization

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10
Q

Five drugs that affect microtubules and what theyre all three typically used for

A

Taxol, Colchicine, colcemid, vinblastine, vincristine: all for cancer tx

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11
Q

Taxol

A

Binds and stabilizes microtubules

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12
Q

Colchicine, colcemid, vinblastine, vincristine function

A

Bind tubulin dimers, preventing dimerization -> inability to pull chromatids apart during cell division

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13
Q

Structure of intermediate filaments

A

Lamin proteins form rope-like filaments with high tensile strength

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14
Q

Two things accessory proteins can do to intermediate filaments

A
  1. Cross link filaments into bundles

2. Link intermediate filaments to microtubules, actin, and cell junctions

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15
Q

Two types of intermediate filaments and their general function

A

Cytoplasmic: cell specific
Nuclear: form the nuclear lamina

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16
Q

Three examples and cytoplasmic filaments and where theyre located

A

Keratin: in epithelium
Vimentin filaments: in CT, muscles, neuroglia
Neurofilaments: in neurons

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17
Q

Nuclear lamina

A

Mesh-like structure under the nuclear envelope formed by nuclear intermediate filaments

18
Q

Main protein in the ECM

A

Collagen

19
Q

Collagen structure

A

Trimeric protein that forms fibers, sheets, or transmembrane structures

20
Q

Collagen synthesis steps

A
  1. In ER: hydroxylation of P and K residues
  2. In ER: glycosylation of K residues
  3. In Golgi: packaged and prepared for secretion in secretory vesicles
21
Q

What two cofactors are required for collagen synthesis (the hydroxylation part)?

A

Fe, Vitamin C

22
Q

Some collagen-related symptoms of scurvy

A
  1. Decreased wound healing
  2. Loss of teeth
  3. Anemia
  4. Pale skin
  5. Sunken eyes
23
Q

Four types of cell junctions

A
  1. Anchoring junctions
  2. Occluding junctions
  3. Channel-forming junctions
  4. Signal-relaying junctions
24
Q

Three types of anchoring junctions

A

Adherens, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes

25
Q

Anchoring junction 2 functions

A
  1. Links cells together

2. Strengthens contact between cells + ECM

26
Q

Occluding junctions: one type

A

Tight junctions

27
Q

Occluding junctions: function

A

Seals gap between cells -> barrier impermeable to diffusion

28
Q

Channel-forming junction: one type

A

Gap junction

29
Q

Channel-forming junction function

A

Link cytoplasm of adjacent cells -> allows transport

30
Q

Signal relaying junction: one example

A

Synapse

31
Q

Structure of integrins

A

15a + 8B subunits -> combine to form over 20 heterodimeric integrins

32
Q

Types of binding done by the Ig superfamily

A

Homophobic and heterophilic binding

33
Q

Structure differences between ICAM, VCAM, etc. and MAdCAM-1

A

ICAM/VCAM: variable # of Ig-like domains

MAdCAM-1: Ig-like domains + mucin-like domains

34
Q

Adherens: where and what is interacting

A

Latera adhesion; cadheren-actin interaction

35
Q

Desmosomes: where and what is interacting

A

Lateral adhesion; cadherens-intermediate filaments

36
Q

Hemidesmosomes: location and what is interacting

A

Basal interactions; integrins-intermediate filament interactions

37
Q

What type of cell junction is targeted in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Desmosomes

38
Q

What end of a cell do occludens encircle cells?

A

Most apical side

39
Q

Two proteins involved in occluding junctions

A

Occludins, claudins

40
Q

Protein involved in channel-forming junctions (gap junctions)

A

Connexin aggregates

41
Q

Enzyme used to make collagen

A

Prolyl hydroxylase

MSK Exam 1 (25 decks)

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