3: Back Myology Flashcards by Sabrina Wiser

Muscles in Layer 1

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi

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Muscles in layer 2

Rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae

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Muscles in layer 3

Serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior

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Muscles in layer 4

Splenius capitis, splenius cervicis

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Muscles in group 5 (9)

Iliocostalis lumborum
Iliocostalis thoracis
Iliocostalis cervicis
Longissimus thoracis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus capitis
Spinalis thoracis
Spinalis cervicis
Spinalis capitis

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Muscles in layer 6 (7)

Semispinalis thoracis
Semispinalis cervicis
Semispinalis capitis
Multifidus
Rotatores longus
Rotatores brevis

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Back strain vs sprain

Strain: involving muscle fibers
Sprain: involving ligaments

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Typical cause of back sprain

Inadequate stretching before activity

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Typical cause of back strain

Overly strong muscular contraction

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Four “other” deep back muscles

Interspinalis
Intertransversarii
Levator costarum longus
Levator costarum brevis

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Four muscles of the suboccipital triangle

Rectus capitis posterior major
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Obliquus capitis inferior
Obliquus capitis Superior

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What broadly innervates extrinsic vs intrinsic back muscles

Extrinsic: anterior rami
Intrinsic: posterior rami

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Trapezius O

T spine spinous processes, ligamentum nuchae, inion, superior nuchal line

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Trapezius I

Scapular spine, clavicle, acromion

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Trapezius Action

Rotate scapula superiorly, retract scapula

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Trapezius upper vs lower fibers action

Upper fibers: elevate scapula

Lower fibers: depress scapula

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Trapezius N

Spinal accessory N (CN XI) (C2-4 for sensory)

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Two notable structures found beneath the trapezius

Spinal accessory N, transverse cervical A

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Lat dorsi O

T6-L5 spinous processes, ribs 9-12, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia -> median sacral crest

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lat dorsi I

Humeral intertubercular groove

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lat dorsi A

Extend, adduct, medially rotate humerus, rotate glenoid cavity inferior

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Lat Dorsi N

Thoracodorsal N

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Three structures deep to Latissimus dorsi, near the axilla

Thoracodorsal N, A, and V

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rhomboid major and minor O

Major: spinous processes T2-5
Minor: spinous processes C7-T1, lig nuchae

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Rhomboids I

Medial border of scapula

Rhomboids A

Retract/elevate scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly

Rhomboids N

Dorsal scapular N

Two structures deep to the rhomboids, near medial border of scapula

Dorsal scapular N and A

Levator scapulae O

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes C1-4

Levator scapulae I

Medial border of scapula

Levator scapulae A

Elevate scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly, extends and laterally flexes neck if scapula is fixed

Levator scapulae N

Dorsal scapular N, C3, C4

Levator scapulae blood supply

Dorsal scapular A

Serratus posterior superior O

Nuchal L, spinous processes C7-T3

Serratus posterior superior I

Inferior ribs 2-4

Serratus posterior superior vs serratus posterior inferior A

Superior: elevate ribs with forced inspiration Inferior: depresses ribs with forced expiration

Serratus posterior superior N

Intercostal N

Serratus posterior inferior O

Spinous processes T11-L2

Serratus posterior inferior I

Inferior ribs 8-12

Serratus posterior inferior N

Anterior rami T9-12

Splenius capitis O

Nuchal L, spinous processes C7-T3

Splenius capitis I

Mastoid process, superior nuchal line

Splenius capitis and cervicis A

Extend neck + unilaterally flexes neck, rotates face towards muscle

Splenius capitis N

Posterior rami C3-5

Splenius cervicis O

Spinous processes T3-6

Splenius cervicis I

Transverse processes C1-3

Splenius cervicis N

Posterior rami C5-7

Erector spinae group action

Maintain erect posture, extend vertebral column and head; unilaterally flex vertebral column

Erector spinae group N

Posterior rami

Iliocostalis lumborum O and I

O: iliac crest, spinous processes T11-L5, sacrum I: costal angles of ribs 6-12

Iliocostalis thoracic O and I

O: costal angles ribs 6-12 I: costal angles ribs 1-6, transverse process C7

Iliocostalis cervicis O and I

O: costal angle of ribs 3-6 I: posterior tubercles C4-6

Longissimus thoracic O and I

O: same as iliocostalis lumborum I: transverse processes T1-L2, ribs 3-12

Longissimus cervicis O and I

O: transverse processes T1-5 I: posterior tubercles and articular processes C2-6

Longissimus capitis O and I

O: transverse process T1-5, articular processes C4-7 I: mastoid process

Spinalis thoracis O and I

O: spinous processes T11-L2 I: spinous processes T1-4

Spinalis cervicis O and I

O: spinous processes T1-6 I: spinous process C2

Spinalis capitis

Usually absent or blended with semispinalis capitis

Semispinalis group A

Extend spine/neck, rotate spine/face away

Semispinalis group N

Posterior rami

Semispinalis thoracic O and I

O: transverse processes T6-12 I: spinous processes C6-T4

Semispinalis cervicis O and I

O: transverse processes T1-6 I: spinous processes C2-5

Semispinalis capitis O and I

O: transverse processes C7-T6 I: between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Multifidus O

Mammillary processes, transverse processes of T spine, articular processes of C4-7

Multifidus I

Spinous processes of 3 Numeric segments superior (none on atlas)

A for multifidus and rotatores muscles

Extend spine, rotate spine away

Rotatores longus O and I

O: transverse processes I: spinous processes 2 numeric segments superior

Rotatores brevis O and I

O: transverse processes I: spinous processes 1 numeric segment away

Interspinalis: O, I and A

O: spinous process I: adjacent spinous process A: extend spine

Intertransversarii: O, I and A

O: transverse process I: adjacent transverse process A: laterally flex spine

Levator costarum longus and brevis O

Transverse processes of T spine

Levator costarum brevis and longus I

Brevis: adjacent rib inferior to origin Longus: 2nd rib inferior to origin

Name the medial, inferior, and lateral borders of the suboccipital triangle

Medial: rectus captitis posterior major Inferior: obliquus capitis inferior Lateral: olbiquus capitis superior

Innervation to muscles of the suboccipital triangle

Suboccipital N

Rectus capitis posterior major O, I, and A

O: spinous process C2 I: inferior nuchal line A: extend head, rotate face towards muscle

Rectus capitis posterior minor O, I, A

O: posterior tubercle C1 I: below inferior nuchal line A: extend head

Obliquus capitis inferior O, I, A

O: spinous process C2 I: transverse process C1 A: rotate face towards

Obliquus capitis superior O, I, A

O: transverse process C1 I: between superior and inferior nuchal lines A: extend and laterally flex head

Two important contents of suboccipital triangle

Vertebral A, suboccipital N

3: Back Myology Flashcards

(79 cards)