1. Ch 14 & 15 Overview of Circulation

Question 1

Blood flow is inversely proportional to ____

Answer 1

peripheral resistance ( R)

Question 2

_____: ability of a blood vessel to become stretched

Answer 2

distensability

Question 3

What vessel on the arteriol side has the more distensability

Answer 3

arteries

• V.’s are actually more distensable than the art.’s

Question 4

blood vessels are able to dilate bc of layers of ___ btw the smooth M

Answer 4

elastin

Question 5

Which has more distensability?: art. or V.

Answer 5

veins

Question 6

_____: ability of the vessel to stretch & the total quantity of blood that can be stored in a given vessel

Answer 6

compliance

high compliance: can stretch and hold alot of blood
Low compliance: can stretch but not hold a lot of blood

Question 7

compliance = ______ x______

Answer 7

compliance = distensability x vol

Question 8

_____ collapses the artery so blood flow stops during taking BP

Answer 8

Systolic BP

Question 9

_____sounds heard when taking BP

Answer 9

horotkoff

Question 10

____: calc as the differ btw SBP & DBP

Answer 10

pulse pressure

Question 11

What are the two factors that go into Pulse pressure

Answer 11

1. how much the art. close to the heart can stretch

2. vol of blood forces into them at one time which is SV

Question 12

_______: the pressure that propels the blood into the tiss

Answer 12

Mean arterial Pressure (MAP)

Question 13

at rest more time is spent in systolic or diastolic?

Answer 13

diastolic

Question 14

MAP = ______+ ______/3

Answer 14

MAP = DBP + pulse pressure/ 3

Question 15

during low to moderate exercise, MAP is the ____ btw SBP and DBP

Answer 15

midpoint

- during rest it is more in DBP

Question 16

at high intensity exercise, MAP is closer to ___ BP

Answer 16

systolic

Question 17

_______ is why during resting conditions, 64% of all blood vol is in the venous side of circulation

Answer 17

blood reservoir

Question 18

during rest most blood is in the ___ side of circulation

Answer 18

venous

Question 19

c.c____: occurs when the valves in the venous system become incompetent

Answer 19

varicose veins

• V.s are overstretched by excessive venous pressure

Question 20

during varicose veins: the ____ area of the vein increases but the ____ do not increase in size

Answer 20

cross-sectional area

valves

• the valves do not close completely

Question 21

vessels walls have ___ layers referred to as ___

Answer 21

3 layers
referred to as tunics

(except in caps)

Question 22

____ is the inner channel within the blood vessels

Answer 22

lumen

Question 23

name the three vessel layers

Answer 23

1. tunica intima
2. tunica media
3. tunica externa

Question 24

_____: contains endothelium that lines the lumen. Forms a slick surface that minimizes friction

Answer 24

tunica intima

Question 25

____: circularly arranged SM and layers of elastic fiBers

Answer 25

tunica media | - regulates vasoconstriction & vasodilation

Question 26

___ is usually the thickest layer of the vessel

Answer 26

tunica media

Question 27

____ layer regulars vasoconstriction & dilation

Answer 27

tunica media

Question 28

_____ is composed mainly of collagen fibers

Answer 28

tunica externa

Question 29

What three studctures does the tunica externa contain

Answer 29

Nerve fibers lymphatic vessels tiny blood vessels

Question 30

_____ nurish the external tiss of the vessels. It is contained in the tunica externa

Answer 30

vasa vasorum

Question 31

blood circulation is divided into : (2)

Answer 31

peripheral (systemic ) circulation | pulmonary circulation

Question 32

name the series of vessels that carry blood from heart back to heart

Answer 32

arteries--> arterioles--> capillaries --> venules--> veins

Question 33

arteries are _____ vessels for high pressure

Answer 33

elastic

Question 34

What occurs when arteries branch into arterioles

Answer 34

blood pressure decreases rapidly

Question 35

_____ are the narrowest vessels

Answer 35

capillaries

Question 36

Veins have larger _____

Answer 36

lumen

Question 37

At rest the majority of blood is in the _____

Answer 37

veins

Question 38

The majority of blood is in the ____ system

Answer 38

systemic system

Question 39

``` The heart is the _____ arteries are ____ arterioles control ______ capillaries are _____ venules and veins are ____ ```

Answer 39

``` heart- pump arteries- pressure reservoirs arterioles- control blood distribution cap- exchange site V- blood reservoirs ```

Question 40

what is the driving force to move blood through the circulatory system

Answer 40

difference in pressure

Question 41

______: is moving from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure

Answer 41

pressure gradient

Question 42

C.O = ____x____

Answer 42

CO= SV x HR

Question 43

What organs get most of the blood at rest

Answer 43

GUT , liver, kindeys

Question 44

_____: when blood flows at a steady stream through Smooth vessels. Ea layer of blood remains the same distance from vessel wall

Answer 44

laminar flow - blood in the center flows faster than outer layer

Question 45

Laminar flow: blood in the center flows ____ than outer layers

Answer 45

faster = parabolic profile

Question 46

What is parabolic profile

Answer 46

when the laminar flow occurs, the blood in the center flows faster than outer layers

Question 47

_____: when blood flow is fast and blood passes over a rough surface or obstruction

Answer 47

turbulent flow

Question 48

_____: force per unit area exerted on the vessel wall by the contained blood

Answer 48

blood pressure

Question 49

aterial pressure ranges from ___ to ___

Answer 49

120 to 80

Question 50

Capillary pressure ranges from ____ on the arterial side and drops to ___ on the venule side

Answer 50

35 on artery | 15 on venule side

Question 51

_____: oopposition to flow. Measure of the friction blood encounters as it passes through the vessels

Answer 51

resistance

Question 52

most friction is encountered as ____ resistance

Answer 52

peripheral resistance

Question 53

_______: resistance of the entire systemic circulation (arteries- veins)

Answer 53

total peripheral resistance

Question 54

The longer the vessels the ____ the resistance

Answer 54

greater 1:4 ratio length to resistance

Question 55

if the diameter of the vessel doubles, flow increases by the power of ___

Answer 55

four "fourth power law"

Question 56

blood flows from larger ___ vessels (art) to smaller ___ vessels (capillaries)

Answer 56

larger series vessels | smaller parallel vessels (resistance is lower)

Question 57

Name 4 sources of resistance

Answer 57

1. blood vessel length 2. blood vessel diameter 3. series vs. parallel blood vessels 4. blood viscosity