Dani - ch 16

Question 1

gas exchange and nutrient/waste product exchange occurs between blood int he ___ and the tissues

Answer 1

microcirculation

Question 2

microcirculation primarily includes the ___ to ____square meters of capillaries

Answer 2

500-700

Question 3

terminal areterioles are called ____

Answer 3

metarterioles

Question 4

metarterioles are where the arterioles branch down to the ___

Answer 4

capillary

Question 5

where the metarteriole meets the capillary, the SM fibers form the ___ ___ which can open or close the opening of the capillary

Answer 5

precapillary sphincter

Question 6

___ ___ of the tissues controls the blood flow according to tissue needs because the metarteriole and precapillary sphincter are close in contact

Answer 6

local conditions

Question 7

control of blood flow is based on ___ or ___ the diameter of the blood vessel

Answer 7

increasing

decreasing

Question 8

___ ____: single celled, highly permeable layer of endothelium surrounded by a thin basement membrane

Answer 8

capillary wall

Question 9

___ between individual cells that make up the capillary wall allow for small nutrient molecules and plasma fluid to leave the capillary

Answer 9

pores

Question 10

blood cells and plasm are too ___ to fit through the pores

Answer 10

big

Question 11

___ ___: thing, curving channels between cells

Answer 11

intercellular cleft

Question 12

water, water-soluble ions and small solutes can ___ through intercellular clefts

Answer 12

diffuse

Question 13

___: formed on the cell membrane from proteins associated with cholesterol and other lipid materials

Answer 13

caveolae

Question 14

caveolae play a ___ role by engulfing small packets of plasm, or extra cellular fluid with plasma proteins, and transporting it slowly through the endothelium

Answer 14

transcytosis

Question 15

brain has ___ ___ only allow extremely small molecules in or out

Answer 15

tight junction

Question 16

liver - has ___ pores so that even plasm proteins can pass

Answer 16

large

Question 17

GI tact - ___ than liver but ___ than brain

Answer 17

smaller

larger

Question 18

kidney - contain windows called ___ which also tremendous amounts of small ions, but not large plasma proteins, to pass so the kidneys can filter blood rapidly

Answer 18

fenestrae

Question 19

___ is the type of blood flow through the capillaries

Answer 19

vasomotion

Question 20

blood flow is not ___, it flows ____

Answer 20

continuous

intermittently

Question 21

the cause of vasomotion is intermittent opening and closing of ___ and ___ ___

Answer 21

metarterioles

precapillary sphincters

Question 22

regulation of vasomotion is primarily controlled by the ___ concentration in the tissues

Answer 22

oxygen

Question 23

when tissues use oxygen at a greater rate, oxygen concentration ____ thus intermittent periods of floow occure ___ often

Answer 23

decrease

more

Question 24

___ is the primary method of transfer of water and dissolved ions between the capillaries and interstitial space

Answer 24

diffusion

Question 25

____ ___: space between cells and contains the fluid that provides a water environment for cells

Answer 25

interstitial space

Question 26

diffusion results from the ___ ___ of water molecules and dissolved ions as they randomly move in all directions between the capillary membrane and the interstitial space

Answer 26

thermal motion

Question 27

lipid soluble substances has an effect on ___

Answer 27

diffusion

Question 28

lipid soluble substances can diffuse ____ through the capillary membrane and dont have to go through the ___

Answer 28

directly | pores

Question 29

lipid soluble substances are ___ and ____

Answer 29

oxygen | carbon dioxide

Question 30

lipid soluble substances - because they can diffuse directly across the membrane, they can diffuse at a much ___ rate than lipid- insoluble substances

Answer 30

faster

Question 31

water soluble and lipid insoluble substances must pass through intercellular ___ or ___ that are located between the endothelial cells of the capillary membrane

Answer 31

pores | cleft

Question 32

water soluble and lipid insoluble substances include ___ molecules, ____ ions, ___ ions and ___

Answer 32

water sodium chloride glucose

Question 33

water soluble and lipid insoluble substances have an effect on ____

Answer 33

diffusion

Question 34

permeability of capillary pores to substances of varying size has an effect on ___ rate

Answer 34

diffusion

Question 35

the smaller the diameter of the molecule, the ___ it will diffuse; intermediate diameter molecules diffuse at a ___ rate

Answer 35

faster | slower

Question 36

larger molecules are not permeable in most organ cells but the ___ has pores large enough - thus, capillary permeability can vary depending on the ___ of the organ

Answer 36

liver | function

Question 37

substances will move more rapidly the ___ the difference in concentration between the area of ___ concentration and the area of ___ concentration

Answer 37

greater higher lower

Question 38

____: collective of spaces located between all cells in the body

Answer 38

interstitium

Question 39

interstitium makes up about __/__ of total body volume

Answer 39

1/6

Question 40

interstitium contains 2 solid structures: - ___ ___ bundles - ____ filaments

Answer 40

collagen fiber bundles | proteoglycan filaments

Question 41

collagen fiber bundles are in the interstitium to provide ___ strength against cells

Answer 41

tensile

Question 42

proteoglycan filaments are thin filaments in the interstitium that form a mat to prove more ___

Answer 42

substance

Question 43

collagen fiber bundles and proteoglycan filaments keep cells in ____

Answer 43

suspension

Question 44

concentration of proteins is ___ in the interstitial fluid than in the plasm

Answer 44

lower

Question 45

interstitial fluid is the consistency of ___

Answer 45

gel

Question 46

bc of the consistency of the interstitial fluid, molecules do not flow through, they diffuse through ___ by ___

Answer 46

molecule | molecule

Question 47

there are small ___ of "free" fluid that an flow ffreely in the interstitial fluid

Answer 47

rivulets

Question 48

when there is edema, the rivulets of free fluid in the interstitial fluid ___ tremendously

Answer 48

increase

Question 49

the blood pressure in the capillaries tends to force fluids and dissolved ions through the capillary pores into the interstitial fluid = ____

Answer 49

filtration

Question 50

osmotic pressure caused by the plasma proteins inside the capillary cause fluid movement by osmosis from the interstitial fluid into the blood = ___

Answer 50

absorption

Question 51

the balance of filtration and absorption prevents significant fluid ___ from the blood into the interstitial fluid

Answer 51

loss

Question 52

osmotic pressure causes things to go ___

Answer 52

in

Question 53

blood pressure causes things to go __

Answer 53

out

Question 54

___ ____: forces that determine if fluid will move out of the blood to the interstitial fluid or from the interstitial fluid to the blood

Answer 54

starling forces

Question 55

____ pressure: tends to force fluid outward from the blood

Answer 55

capillary pressure

Question 56

___ ___ pressure: tends to force fluid into the blood when positive and outward if negative

Answer 56

interstitial fluid pressure

Question 57

___ ___ ____ pressure: tends to cause osmosis of fluid into the blood

Answer 57

plasma colloid osmotic

Question 58

___ ____ ___ ___ pressure: tends to cause osmosis of fluid outward from blood

Answer 58

interstitial fluid colloid osmotic

Question 59

if the sum of the starling forces is positive, it will favor _____ from the ___ to ___

Answer 59

filtration | blood to interstitial fluid

Question 60

if the sum of the starling forces is negative, it will favor ___ from the ____ to ____

Answer 60

absorption plasma interstitial fluid

Question 61

net filtration pressure = ____ - ___ - ____ + ____

Answer 61

capillary pressure interstitial fluid pressure plasma colloid osmotic pressure interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

Question 62

___ pressure forces fluids out of the blood on the arteriole end of the capillary

Answer 62

hydrostatic

Question 63

because of the higher concentration of plasma proteins in the blood, this creates the ___ ___ ___ pressure which re-absorbs water back into the blood via osmosis on the venule end of the capillary

Answer 63

plasma colloid osmotic

Question 64

net filtration of fluid out of he capillary into the interstitial space is ___ than net absorption of fluid back into the capillary

Answer 64

higher

Question 65

if the fluid amount is higher than what the lymph can carry back to blood, the fluid in the interstitial space causes ____

Answer 65

edema

Question 66

lymph carries ___ and ___ ___ back to the blood

Answer 66

proteins | large substances

Question 67

lymph from the lower part of the body drains into the ___ ___

Answer 67

thoracic duct

Question 68

thoracic duct drains into the junction of the left ___ and ___ ___

Answer 68

subclavian | internal jugular

Question 69

__/__ of the fluid is not reabsorbed and enters the lymph capillaries

Answer 69

1/10

Question 70

the total lymph made from interstitial fluid is about __-__ liters/day

Answer 70

2-3

Question 71

____ filaments - attached to the endothelial cells of the lymph capillary

Answer 71

anchoring

Question 72

___ of the lymph capillary - endothelial cells of the capillary overlap so that the overlapping edge can flap inward

Answer 72

valve

Question 73

lymph is derived from the ___ ___

Answer 73

interstitial fluid

Question 74

most tissues have a protein concentration of __g/dl in the interstitial fluid surrounding them

Answer 74

2

Question 75

liver have a ____ protein concentration so lymph circulating from these areas are about __-__g/dl

Answer 75

higher | 3-5

Question 76

___ pump of lymph - valves contract to move lymph

Answer 76

internal

Question 77

3 external pumps of lymph

Answer 77

contracting of skeletal muscles pulsation of adjacent arteries movement of parts of body