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T3- Cardio respiratory > Dani - ch 14, 15 > Flashcards

Dani - ch 14, 15 Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

blood vessels of the body form a ____ loop system that begins and ends at the ___

A

closed

heart

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2
Q

everything but capillaries, all BV walls have __ layers

A

3

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3
Q

3 layers of blood vessel walls are called ___

A

tunics

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4
Q

___ is the inner channel within the blood vessel tubing that contains the blood

A

lumen

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5
Q

where blood is actually contained in a blood vessel

A

lumen

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6
Q

tunica ____: contains the endothelium that lines the lumen

A

intima

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7
Q

tunica intima: forms a slick surface that ___ friction

A

minimizes

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8
Q

tunica ___: circularly arranged smooth muscle and layers of elastic fibers

A

media

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9
Q

tunica media: regulates ___ and ___ of vessels and usually is the ___

A

vasoconstriction
vasodilation
thickest

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10
Q

tunica ___: mainly collagen fibers that protect and reinforce the vessel

A

externa

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11
Q

tunica externa: contains ___ fibers, ___ vessels, and tiny blood vessels called ___ ____ to nourish the external tissues of the blood vessels

A

nerve
lymphatic
vasa vasorum

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12
Q

blood circulation divided into 2 circulations

A

peripheral circulation

pulmonary circulation

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13
Q

peripheral circulation: blood flow to all tissues in the body except the ___

A

lungs

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14
Q

arteries carry ___ blood and veins carry ___ blood

A

oxygenated

deoxygenated

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15
Q

pulmonary circulation: blood flow through the ___ to exchange ___ for ___

A

lungs
CO2
O2

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16
Q

pulmonary arteries carry ___ blood and pulmonary veins carry ____ blood

A

deoxygenated

oxygenated

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17
Q

___ are the largest and most elastic vessels on the arterial side to move blood away from the heart under high pressure

A

arteries

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18
Q

high pressure in the arteries to ___ blood

A

deliver

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19
Q

arteries branch down into smaller ____

A

arterioles

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20
Q

blood pressure ___ rapidly into the arterioles from the arteries

A

decreases

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21
Q

arterioles have strong ___ walls so are able to ____ and ___ in response to tissue needs

A

muscular
vasocontrict
vasodilate

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22
Q

arterioles branch down to ___

A

capillaries

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23
Q

capillaries are the ___ vessels, the walls are __ cell thick

A

thinnest

one

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24
Q

pressure is __ in the capillaries so that ___ and __ exchange can occur

A

decreased
gas
nutrients

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25
capillaries branch to ___ which branch to ___
venules | veins
26
there is ___ pressure in the veins so the walls are ___ but the lumen is ___
little thinner larger
27
the larger lumen allows the veins to serve as a ____ for blood
reservoir
28
veins are highly ____ so can expand and contract
expandable
29
pulmonary circulation contains ___% of the bodies blood
16
30
heart contains ___% of the bodies blood
7
31
lungs contains ___% of the bodies blood
9
32
systemic system contains ___% of the bodies blood
84
33
arteries contains ___% of the bodies blood
13
34
arterioles and capillaries contains ___% of the bodies blood
7
35
venules and veins contains ___% of the bodies blood
64
36
arteries are ___ reservoir
pressure
37
arterioles resistance vessels that control blood ___
distribution
38
capillaries are ___ sites
exchange
39
venules and veins are blood _____
reservoirs
40
____ ___: moving from high pressure to low pressure
pressure gradient
41
__ ___: the volume of blood flowing though the vessels, organs or the entire system in a given period
blood flow
42
tissues regulate blood flow based on ___
need
43
___ ___: blood flows at a steady stream though a smooth vessel because each layer of blood remains the same distance from the vessel wall
laminar flow
44
laminar flow - blood in the center flows ___ than outer layers
faster
45
laminar flow exhibits a ___ profile
parabolic
46
___ ___: occurs when blood flow is fast and/or the blood passes over a rough surface or an obstruction.
turbulent flow
47
turbulent flow means that blood begins forming ___ reulting in eddy currents
whorls
48
___ __ = force per unit area exerted on the vessel wall by the contained blood
blood pressure
49
blood pressure is measured in ____
mmHg
50
arterial pressure fluctuates between ___mmHg (SBP) and ___mmHg (DBP)
120 | 80
51
capillary pressure ranges from a high of ___mmHg on the arteriole side and __mmHg on the venule side
35 | 15
52
___: the opposition of flow
resistance
53
resistance is a measure of the ___ blood encounters as it passes through the vessels
friction
54
most friction is encountered in vessels (arteries and arterioles) away from the heart = ____ resistance
peripheral
55
resistance of the entire systemic circulation = ___ ___ resistance
total peripheral
56
the longer the vessel, the ___ the resistance
GREATER
57
if diameter is equal, if you double the length, you ___ the resistance
double
58
length increases while you ___
grow
59
largest change to resistance to flow occurs in the _____; where the muscle layer can change the diameter to ___ or ___
arteriole vasodilate vasocontrict
60
change in blood vessel diameter is based on the ___ ___ law
fourth power
61
fourth power law: diameter of a vessel doubles, flow does not double, it increases by the power of ___
four
62
parallel blood vessels are ____ in diameter, the vessels are ____ and not much muscle so resistance is ___ thus flow is ___
smaller smoother lower fast
63
parallel blood vessels ___ total peripheral resistance
LOWER
64
___ ___: resistance to flow is affected by the thickness of blood (viscosity)
blood viscosity
65
normal blood is ___-___ times the viscosity of water
3-4
66
the more viscous the blood, the more ___ to flow
resistance
67
blood is made up of two major components
plasma | formed elements
68
__: the percentage of blood made up of RBCs
hematocrit
69
blood viscosity is fairly constant but conditions like ___ and ____ can affect viscosity which affects ____ to flow
anemia polycythemia resistance
70
ohm's law: | - blood flow is ___ proportional to the difference between two points of blood pressure in circulation
directly
71
blood flow is ___ proportional to peripheral resistance
inversely
72
ohm's formula | F = ___/___
difference in pressure/resistance
73
resistance has ___ of an effect on flow than difference in pressure
MORE
74
____: the ability of a blood vessel to become stretch, expanded, or dilated due to an internal pressure
distensability
75
the blood vessels are able to dilate because of layers of ___ between the layers of smooth muscles
elastin
76
the wall of the arteries are able to stretch but they are much ___ than the walls of veins
stronger
77
the wall of veins are ___ times ___ distensible than the walls of the arteries
8 | moer
78
___: deals with the ability to stretch and the total quantity of blood that can be stored in a given vessel for each mmHg of pressure
compliance
79
compliance = ____ x ____
distensability x volume
80
systolic and diastolic blood pressure are measured in the ___ artery
brachial
81
___ ___: difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
pulse pressure
82
pulse pressure reflects ___
compliance - distensibility - volume
83
___ ___ ___: meaurement that reflects the pressure that propels the blood to the times
mean arterial pressure
84
more time is spent in diastole so the mid point between SBP and DBP is closer to the ___ BP
diastolic
85
during low or moderate exercise, MAP is the ___
midpoint
86
high intensity exercise, MAP is closer to ___ BP
systolic
87
___% of all blood volume is in the venous side of circulation at rest
64
88
when blood is lost and arterial pressure begins so fall, pressure sensitive areas of circulation signal the CNS to release hormones via the ___ NS which signal the veins to ____
SP | constrict
89
with __-__% of blood lost, the circulatory system functions ___
20-25 | normally
90
___ ___: every time a person takes a step, a certain amount of blood is pumped back to the heart
venous pump
91
skeletal muscles surrounding the deep veins push blood upward and one way valves prevent ___
backflow
92
____ ___: when the valves in the venous system become incompetent
varicose veins
93
varicose veins: veins can be overstretched by excessive venous pressures such as during ___
pregnancy
94
varicose veins: cross-sectional area of the vein increases but the valves do not increase in size so the ___ do not close the vein off completely
leaflet

T3- Cardio respiratory (8 decks)

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