Dani - ch 10,11,13 Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
normal impulse conduction
A
SA –> AV –> bundle of His –> bundle branches –> purkinje fibers
2
Q
SA –> AV time
A
.03
3
Q
AV delay time
A
.13
4
Q
AV bundle –> purkinje time
A
.17
5
Q
transmission to ventricular muscle
A
.21 on right
.22 on left
6
Q
___ ___ = prominent pacemaker
A
SA node
7
Q
intrinsic rate of __-__ beats/min for the SA
A
70-80
8
Q
__ ___ = back up pacemaker
A
AV node
9
Q
intrinsic rate of __-__ beats/min for the AV
A
40-60
10
Q
___ ___: back up pacemaker to the AV
A
purkinje fibers
11
Q
intrinsic rate of __-__ beats/min for the purkinje fibers
A
15-40
12
Q
___ ___ = located somewhere other than SA node and causes an abnormal sequence of events as noted on an ECG
A
ectopic pacemaker
13
Q
___ ___: block between SA and AV node
A
heart block
14
Q
PS stimulation
- ___ nerve
- ____ (Neurotransmitter)
- innervate ___ and __
A
vagus
ACh
SA;AV
15
Q
Sym stimulation
- ____ (Neurotransmitter)
- ___ rate of conduction
- ___ force of contraction
A
NE
increase
increase
16
Q
SA –> AV initiates the ___ ___
A
p wave
17
Q
R and L bundle branches –> purkinje fibers initiates the ___ ___
A
QRS complex
18
Q
p wave = ___ ___
A
atrial depolarization
19
Q
QRS complex = ___ ___
A
ventricular depolarization
20
Q
T wave = ___ ___
A
ventricular repolarization
21
Q
S-T segment is before the ___ of ventricles
A
repolarization
22
Q
electrical impulses arrives in the ___
A
septum
23
Q
strong electronegativity on the insides of ___
A
ventricles
24
Q
strong electropositivity on ____ ___
A
outer walls
25
current flows in an ___ pattern from base to apex
elliptical
26
___ ___ triggers cardiac impulse
sinus node
27
____ = abnormal rhythm of the pacemaker
arrhythmias
28
____ = slow heart
bradycardia
29
bradycardia is present in athletes who have ___ SV
increase
30
___ ___ syndrome = baroreceptors in carotid sinus are super sensitive and mild pressure on neck has barareceptor reflex which slows HR
carotid sinus syndrome
31
___ = fast heart
tachycardia
32
bradycardia = less than ___ bpm
60
33
tachycardia = more than ___bpm
100bpm
34
conditions that increase HR
```
exercise
fever
stress
shock
blood loss
weakened myocardum
```
35
tachycardia cause a ___ reflex to increase HR to pump more blood out
sympathetic
36
___ ___: the sinus rhythm is influenced b parallel vagus nerve activity during breathing.
sinus arrhythmia
37
sinus arrhythmia = irregular difference between __ and __ wave
T
| P
38
Sinoatrial block: the impulse is blocked before it enters the R atria so no ___ ___ present
P wave
39
sinoatrial block = ___ ___ becomes pacemaker
AV node
40
sinoatrial block = QRS and T are there but are ___
slowed
41
1st degree heart block = P-R interval more than ___; referred to as "incomplete" heart block because the signal is ____
.20
| delayed
42
acute rheumatic heart disease - causes inflammation of ___ node
AV
43
second degree heart block - when P-R interval is ___-___
.25-.45
44
second degree heart block - some impulses pass through the AV bundle but others do not causing ___ ___
drop beats
45
second degree heart block - p wave is present but no ___ or ___
QRS
| T
46
second degree heart block - failure of conduction system from ___ to ___
atria
| ventricles
47
third degree heart block - complete lack of ___ between atria and ventricles
synchronization
48
third degree heart block - ventricles spontaneously establish own ___
signal
49
third degree heart block - P-P interval is consistent but there is a dissociation with ___ and ___
QRS
| T
50
stokes adams syndrome - complete __ block comes and goes
AV
51
stokes adams syndrome - ventricles stop contracting for 5-30 seconds because of ___-___ ___
overdrive suppression
52
stokes adams syndrome - person faints due to lack of ___ ___
blood flow
53
stokes adams syndrome - ____ implanted in RV
pacemaker
54
premature contraction result from ___ ___
ectopic foci
55
causes of ectopic foci -
| local areas of ____
ischemia
56
causes of ectopic foci -
| ____ of cardiac muscle
irritation
57
causes of ectopic foci -
| - toxic irritation from ___, ____ and ___
drugs
caffeine
nicotine
58
causes of ectopic foci -
| - mechanic initiation of PVC during catheterization of ___ ___
RV
59
premature atrial contractions -
caused by
- lack of ___
- too much ___, ____, ___ and various types of ____
```
sleep
coffee
smoking
alcoholism
drugs
```
60
___ ___ can occur with PACs because ventricles do not fill so SV decreases
pulse defecit
61
___ ___ - the affected atria contracts at a rate of 200-350 bpm because of re-entry wave
atrial flutter
62
atrial flutter - signals reach ____ too quickly for all impulses to be passed on to the ventricles
AV
63
atrial flutter - both the av node and av bundles are in a ___ period during many of the impulses
refractory
64
atrial flutter - p waves are strong but ___ and ___ follow ever 2-3
QRS
| T
65
___ ___: activation of atria is irregular and chaotic so atria becomes useless as a primer pump for the ventricles - efficiency drops by 2-30%
atrial fibrillation
66
atrial fibrillation causes include ___ resulting from valve dysfunctions that prevent emptying or from ventricular failure because of damming of blood
hypertrophy
67
premature ventricular contractions - QRS has an ___ form because 1 side depolarizes ahead of the other
abnormal
68
premature ventricular contractions - t wave is ____
inverted
69
ventricular tachycardia - contract over a rate over ___bpm
120
70
ventricular tachycardia - caused by ___ or __ ___
ischemia
| myocardial infarction
71
ventricular tachycardia - can quickly lead to ___ ___
ventricular fibrillation
72
___ ___ - ventricular depolarization occurs chaotically so some parts contract while other parts are relax so little blood pumped out of heart
ventricular fibrillation
73
ventricular fibrillation: has multiple re-entry loops from a __ heart muscle or if ___
Dilated
| diseased
