1. Grape species, varieties and rootstocks

Question 1

What is Steen?

Answer 1

Chenin Blanc

Question 2

What are the common French synonyms for Pinot Grigio?

Answer 2

Pinot Gris (aka Tokay d’Alsace and Pinot Beurot)

Question 3

What is the style difference between Pinot Gris from Alsace and Pinot Grigio from Italy?

Answer 3

Italian wines are fairly neutral with medium acidity, Alsatian wines are richly textured and oily, rather high in alcohol and moderate to low in acidity

Question 4

Fume Blanc is made from what grape variety?

Answer 4

Sauvignon Blanc (typically oak aged)

Question 5

What is acidity level of Sauvignon Blanc

Answer 5

high

Question 6

What is aromatic profile of Viognier

Answer 6

peach, pear, apricot, violet

Question 7

What are the main tasting characteristics of Mosel Riesling?

Answer 7

Light body with low alcohol and a high acidity balanced by medium sweetness. Flavor elements include a floral and green fruit character.

Question 8

What is the flavor characteristic of aged Riesling?

Answer 8

pine nut or petrol

Question 9

What is the German name for Pinot Noir

Answer 9

Spätburgunder

Question 10

What is another name for true Riesling?

Answer 10

Johannisberg Riesling, refers to German wine estate Schloss Johannisberg on the Rhine, may have been one of first all Riesling vineyards

Question 11

Which grape variety is naturally high in extract, can obtain high alcohol and runs the risk of being low acid?

Answer 11

Chardonnay

Question 12

Which two families of grapes have common natural mutations that lead to different varieties with the same DNA footprint?

Answer 12

Pinot Noir and Grenache

Question 13

Describe the aromas of Sauvignon Blanc.

Answer 13

green pepper, grass and nettles with passion fruit or elderflower; in warm regions, peach and grapefruit; of ten described as cats’ pee; with age asparagus and peas

Question 14

Which grape variety yields high acid, high sugar, can be long lived and is naturally low in alcohol?

Answer 14

Riesling

Question 15

Where is the geographic origin of Cabernet Franc?

Answer 15

Spain

Question 16

Where is the geographic origin of Cabernet Sauvignon?

Answer 16

Bordeaux

Question 17

Vin Doux Naturels is a wine that is?

Answer 17

Fortified

Question 18

Brunello is a clone of what grape variety?

Answer 18

Sangiovese

Question 19

What is the aromatic profile of Gewurztraminer?

Answer 19

rose petals, lychee nut, sandalwood, grapefruit, ginger and nutmeg

Question 20

What is the main Eurasian species of grapevine?

Answer 20

Vitis vinifera

Question 21

What are the three most common American species of grapevine?

Answer 21

Vitis riparia, Vitis rupestris, Vitis berlandieri

Question 22

What is the term for the new growth of the vine?

Answer 22

shoots

Question 23

What is the growth engine of the vine?

Answer 23

leaves

Question 24

What are 3 biological uses of glucose?

Answer 24

combine into larger building blocks for structural integrity, metabolized to create energy, sweetness which attracts animals for dispersion

Question 25

What are the growths that vines use to create support?

Answer 25

tendrils

Question 26

What is the term for a group of a bunch of vine flowers?

Answer 26

inflorescenses

Question 27

What is the size of vine flowers?

Answer 27

small

Question 28

What is the bud?

Answer 28

embryonic shoot

Question 29

Where is the bud located?

Answer 29

between leaf and shoot

Question 30

When do shoots turn woody?

Answer 30

in the winter after having grown

Question 31

What is similarity between cane and spur?

Answer 31

one year old wood after pruning

Question 32

What is the difference between cane and spur?

Answer 32

cane is long with 8-15 buds, spur is short with 2-3 buds

Question 33

What are the structures made of permanent wood?

Answer 33

trunk and arms (cordons)

Question 34

Where is the carbohydrate reserve that fuels the initial shoot growth?

Answer 34

permanent wood

Question 35

What are the 3 main functions of the roots?

Answer 35

absorption of water and nutrients, store carbohydrates, anchor vine

Question 36

T/F: Every seedling is a new variety.

Answer 36

true

Question 37

What are the sources of genetic variations within a species?

Answer 37

sexual reproduction (to give new varieties) and mutations (usually produce same variety)

Question 38

Name 3 modern grape varieties that were developed from crossings.

Answer 38

Pinotage (red, Cinsault and Pinot Noir, 1925), Dornfelder (red, Helfensteiner and Heroldrebe, 1955), Muller Thurgau (white, Reisling and Madeline Royale, 1882)

Question 39

What is the main role of hybrids?

Answer 39

rootstocks

Question 40

What is difference between bench-grafting and head-grafting?

Answer 40

Bench grafting is done in nursery, takes 3 years to bear fruit. Head-grafting is done in the vineyard with active rootstock, allowing harvest in one year.

Question 41

New hybrid rootstocks provide what advantages?

Answer 41

better tolerance of drought, better tolerance of certain soils, control of vigor, resistance to nematodes

Question 42

What are the classic regions for Chardonnay in California?

Answer 42

Carneros and Russian River

Question 43

What are the classic regions for Chardonnay in France?

Answer 43

Burgundy and Champagne

Question 44

What are the classic regions for Chardonnay in Australia?

Answer 44

Adelaide Hills, Geelong and Mornington Peninsula

Question 45

What are the classic regions for Chardonnay in New Zealand?

Answer 45

Gisborne and Marlborough

Question 46

Riesling from what area is most likely to have a lime character?

Answer 46

Australian

Question 47

What are the classic regions for Riesling in Germany?

Answer 47

Pfalz, Rheingau, Mosel, Nahe

Question 48

What are the classic regions for Riesling in Austria?

Answer 48

Wachau

Question 49

What are the classic regions for Riesling in France?

Answer 49

Alsace

Question 50

What are the classic regions for Riesling in Australia?

Answer 50

Clare and Eden Valleys

Question 51

What are the German names for Pinot Gris?

Answer 51

Rulander, Grauburgunder

Question 52

What are the classic regions for Viognier in France?

Answer 52

Condrieu and Chateau Grillet

Question 53

Define hybrid.

Answer 53

Reproduction between two different grape species

Question 54

Which grape is suggested by blackcurrant, cedar, high tannin?

Answer 54

Cabernet Sauvignon

Question 55

Which grape is suggested by broad, versatile, inoffensive - except when over-oaked?

Answer 55

Chardonnay

Question 56

Which grape is suggested by cherry, raspberry, violets, game, mid-ruby?

Answer 56

Pinot Noir

Question 57

Which grape is suggested by black pepper, dark chocolate, notable tannin?

Answer 57

Syrah/Shiraz

Question 58

Which grape is suggested by plump, soft, plummy?

Answer 58

Merlot

Question 59

Describe the skin of Merlot.

Answer 59

Thinner than Cabernet Sauvignon

Question 60

Which grape is suggested by grass, green fruits, razor-sharp, rarely oaked?

Answer 60

Sauvignon Blanc

Question 61

Name a grape where canopy management is particularly important?

Answer 61

Sauvignon Blanc

Question 62

Where is Sauvignon Blanc from?

Answer 62

Loire Valley

Question 63

Which grape is suggested by aromatic, delicate, racy, expressive, rarely oaked?

Answer 63

Riesling

Question 64

Which grape is suggested by figs, citrus, lanolin, full bodied?

Answer 64

Semillon

Question 65

Name 3 areas of fine dry Semillon wine production.

Answer 65

Bordeaux, Hunter Valley, South Africa

Question 66

Describe the skin thickness of Semillon.

Answer 66

thin (think botrytis susceptibility)

Question 67

Which grape is suggested by pale, sweet, ripe, useful for rose?

Answer 67

Grenache Noir

Question 68

Which grape is suggested by tangy, lively, variable: from prunes to farmyard?

Answer 68

Sangiovese

Question 69

Name the 3 best Italian areas for fine Sangiovese.

Answer 69

Chianti Classico, Montalcino (as Brunello) and Montepulciano

Question 70

Which grape is suggested by leafily aromatic, refreshing, rarely heavy?

Answer 70

Cabernet Franc

Question 71

Describe Cabernet Franc's resistance to extreme weather.

Answer 71

more resistant to cold weather than Merlot

Question 72

Which grape is suggested by tobacco leaves, spice, leather?

Answer 72

Tempranillo

Question 73

Which grape is suggested by animal, blackberries, alcoholic, tannic?

Answer 73

Mourvedre

Question 74

Which grape is suggested by tar, roses, violets, orange with black tints?

Answer 74

Nebbiolo

Question 75

Which grape is suggested by warm berry flavors, alcohol, sweetness?

Answer 75

Zinfandel

Question 76

Which grape is suggested by spicy and rich in Argentina, gamey in Cahors?

Answer 76

Malbec

Question 77

Which grape is suggested by tannic, fireworks, occasionally porty?

Answer 77

Touriga Nacional

Question 78

Which grape is suggested by firm, Bordeaux-like, can be slightly green?

Answer 78

Carmenere

Question 79

Which grape is suggested by full, golden, smoky, pungent?

Answer 79

Pinot Gris

Question 80

Which grape is suggested by lychees, roses, high alcohol, deep-colored?

Answer 80

Gewurtraminer

Question 81

Which grape is suggested by extremely versatile, honey, damp straw?

Answer 81

Chenin Blanc

Question 82

Which grape is suggested by heady, full-bodied, hawthorn blossoms, apricots?

Answer 82

Viognier

Question 83

Which grape is suggested by grapey, relatively simple, often sweet?

Answer 83

Muscat Blanc

Question 84

Which grape is suggested by almond, marzipan aromas, very full-bodied?

Answer 84

Marsanne