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Physiological Psych > 1 The Major Issues > Flashcards

1 The Major Issues Flashcards

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1
Q

The belief that he universe consist of only one kind of substance

The mind and body are one

A

Monism

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2
Q

Related a behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs

Physical

A

Physiological explanation

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3
Q

Describes how a structure or behavior develops, including the influences of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions

Learned behaviors

A

Ontogenetic behaviors

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4
Q

Reconstructs the evolutionary history of a structure or behavior

Goosebumps

A

Evolutionary explanation

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5
Q

Describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did

A

Functional explanation

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6
Q

PhD in biology, psy, neuroscience, or related field.

University position combining teaching and research. Other laboratory positions (government, private industry)

A

Research career opt.

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7
Q

Clinical psy, counseling psy, school psy, specialized medicine, allied medical practices

A

Therapy

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8
Q

Units of hereditary that maintain their structure identity from one generation to another

A

Genes

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9
Q

Demonstrated that inheritance depends on genes

A

Gregor Mendel

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10
Q

Genes exist in

A

Pairs

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11
Q

Aligned along _____ that also come in pairs

A

Chromosomes

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12
Q

Strands of genes composed of deoxyribonucleic (DNA)

A

Chromosomes

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13
Q

DNA provides the template for synthesis of _____

A

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

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14
Q

4 “bases” of DNA

A
  1. Adenine
  2. Guanine
  3. Cytosine
  4. Thymine
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15
Q

Order of the 4 bases determines order of corresponding bases along and ___ _______

A

RNA molecule

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16
Q

Bases on RNA

A
  1. Adenine
  2. Guanine
  3. Cytosine
  4. Uracil
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17
Q

Order of bases along RNA molecule I’m turn determines order of ______ _____ that compose a protein

A

Amino acids

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18
Q

Biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the body

A

Enzymes

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19
Q

Identical pair of genes on the chromosomes

A

Homozygous

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20
Q

Unmatched pair of genes

Ex: you might have a gene for blue eyes on one chromosome & gene for brown eyes on the other

A

Heterozygous

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21
Q

Genes are ____, _____, or _____

A

Dominant, recessive, or intermediate

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22
Q

Shows a strong affect in either homozygous or heterozygous conditions
Ex: ability to taste PTC

A

Dominant gene

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23
Q

Shows its effect only in the homozygous condition

Ex: low taste sensitivity to PTC

A

Recessive gene

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24
Q

T/F

If you have a gene for a trait, it always produces that outcome

A

False

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25
T/F | A single gene completely controls a characteristic ex: eye color
False
26
Genes located on the sex chromosomes
Sex linked genes
27
All other chromosomes that are not the X, Y chromosome
Autosomal chromosomes and genes
28
Genes that are present in both sexes, but active mainly in one sex Ex: chest hair in men; breast size in women
Sex-limited genes
29
Has genes for 27 protiens
Y
30
Has genes for approx. 1500 protiens
X
31
Heritable change in a DNA molecule
Mutation
32
Are mutations advantageous?
Rarely, but important | Chimpanzees & humans
33
Another kind of mutation is _______ or _______ Twice or not at all Schizophrenia may be a result of this
Microduplication or microdeletion
34
Deals with changes in gene expression without modification of DNA sequence
Epigenetics
35
A gene may be present in every cell of the body, but:
Might be active only in certain types of cells, at a particular time of life
36
histones to loosen their grip on the DNA
Turns the gene on
37
Removal of acetyl group causes histones to tighten their grip on the DNA
Turns the gene off
38
``` Tight = ____ Loose = ____ ```
Off | On
39
What you do at any moment not only affects you now, but also produces epigenetic effects that alter gene expression for longer periods of time
Experiences alter the activity of genes
40
Which is more important, hereditary or environment?
Almost all behaviors have both a genetic component & an environment component
41
Development from one egg; identical twins
Monozygotic twins
42
Developed from two eggs; fraternal twins
Dizygotic twins
43
Degree to which variations in some characteristic depend on genetic differences
Heritability
44
The belief that the mind and brain are different kinds of substance and exist independently
Dualism
45
How common is heritability of behavior
In almost every behavior
46
Genetic inability to metabolize the amino acid
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
47
A hereditary condition, but environmental interventions can modify it
Phenylalanine
48
How genes affect behavior?
Behaviors are not directly caused by genes
49
Genes can alter your environment by producing behaviors or traits that alter how people in your environment react or you Modify your personality
Indirect
50
Change over generations in the frequencies of various genes in a population
Evolution
51
Mutation of genes occasionally introduce new heritable variations In example:
White moths to dark moths
52
Choosing individuals with a desires trait and using them as parents for the next generation
Artificial selection
53
Nature selects & successful individuals' genes will be prevalent in later generations Survival advantage
Darwin's insight
54
T/F Lamarckian evolution- Use or disuse of a structure or behavior can cause an evolutionary increase or decrease in that feature (inheritance of acquires characteristics
False
55
T/F | Evolution means improvement
False
56
Does evolution benefit the individual or the species?
Neither the genes are benefited
57
T/F | Humans are no longer subject to evolution
False
58
Deals with how behaviors evolved, especially social behaviors
Evolutionary psychology
59
Peripheral/color vision, sleep mechanisms in the brain, eating habits, temperature regulation are examples of
Evolutionary psychology
60
An action that benefits someone other than the actor
Altruistic behavior
61
Idea that individuals help those who will return the favor
Reciprocal altruism
62
Underlying mechanisms of behavior are similar across species. Sometimes it is easier to study a nonhuman species
Reasons for animal research
63
T/F | We are interested in animals for their own sake
True
64
T/F | What we learn about animals sheds light on humans
True
65
No, no matter what
Abolitionist
66
Measures benefits vs. amount of stress
Justification
67
3 R's
Reduction Replacement Refinement

Physiological Psych (12 decks)

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