12 Emotional Behaviors

Question 1

Sympathetic branch

Answer 1

Fight or flight

Question 2

Slows you down & saves energy

Answer 2

Parasympathetic branch

Question 3

First we feel an emotion, which then changes our heart rate and prompts other responses

Answer 3

Common sense view

Question 4

Autonomic arousal and skeletal actions come first

1. People with weak autonomic or skeletal responses should feel less emotion
2. Causing or increasing someone’s responses should enhance an emotion

Answer 4

James-Lange Theory

Question 5

Paralyzed people report that they feel emotions _________ as before their injury

Answer 5

Same as before

Question 6

Output from the autonomic nervous system to the body fails completely or almost completely

Report same emotions just much less intense than before

Answer 6

Pure autonomic failure

Question 7

Marked by extreme sympathetic nervous system arousal

Answer 7

Panic attack

Question 8

People are unable to love their facial muscles to make a smile

Answer 8

Möbius syndrome

Question 9

Emotional experiences arouse _______ _________ ___ ______

Answer 9

Many areas of the brain

Question 10

The forebrain areas surrounding the thalamus

Answer 10

The limbic system

Question 11

The only emotion for which brain evidence suggests brain localization is

Answer 11

Disgust

Question 12

The _____ ______ (insula) is stinky activated is you see a disgusting picture or facial expression of someone else who is feeling disgusted

Answer 12

Insular cortex

Question 13

Three components of emotion

Answer 13

Cognitions
Feelings
Actions

Question 14

The insula is

Answer 14

The primary taste cortex

Question 15

Insula reacts to

Answer 15

Frightening pictures and disgusting ones

Question 16

Activity of left hemisphere relates to

Answer 16

Behavioral Activation System (BAS)

Question 17

BAS is marked by

Answer 17

Low to moderate autonomic arousal

Question 18

Increased activity of right hemisphere associated with the

Answer 18

Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)

Question 19

BIS increases attention and arousal inhibits actions and stimulates emotions such as

Answer 19

Fear and disgust

Question 20

Difference between hemisphere relates to

Answer 20

Personality

Question 21

People with greater activity in frontal cortex of left hemisphere associated with

Answer 21

Happier more outgoing friendly

Question 22

Ppl with greater activity in right hemisphere associated with

Answer 22

Social withdrawal

Question 23

Right hemisphere appears to be more responsive to

Answer 23

Emotional stimuli than the left

Question 24

The right hemisphere is better at

Answer 24

Expressing emotions and detecting other people’s emotions

Question 25

What good do emotions do

Answer 25

Adaptive values ( fear leads to escape, anger leads to attack, etc) and it allows us to make quick decisions; helps us make moral decisions

Question 26

Katkin et al Study -

Answer 26

Showed that people who are good at detecting their autonomic responses may have valid gut feelings about dangers that they cannot identify consciously

Question 27

Contemplating moral decisions activates the

Answer 27

Prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus and the amydala

Question 28

The Trolley Dilemna -

Answer 28

You have the chance to flip the switch to hit one person instead of the 5

Question 29

The Footbridge Dilemma -

Answer 29

Push guy off the bridge to stop the trolley from hitting the 5

Question 30

The Lifeboat Dilemma -

Answer 30

You can push one person off the lifeboat to save everyone else

Question 31

The Hospital Dilemma

Answer 31

Kill the visitor to give the organs to the other 5 people

Question 32

Damage to the parts of the prefrontal cortex causes

Answer 32

Impaired decision making | Leads to impulsive decision making without pausing to consider consequences

Question 33

The cause of Phineas Gage

Answer 33

Had a pipe go through his head and survived

Question 34

Damasio's patient with prefrontal cortex damage

Answer 34

Never experienced emotions

Question 35

Monozygotic twins vs. dizygotic twins

Answer 35

One is more violent than the other

Question 36

Attempts to find specific gene linked to aggressive behavior have found only

Answer 36

Weak effects

Question 37

Violence is particularly enhanced in people with both

Answer 37

Genetic predisposition and troubled early environment

Question 38

Study comparing people who had genetic differences in production of monoamine oxidase A (MAO)

Answer 38

Effects of gene apparently interact with childhood experience

Question 39

aggressive behavior is linked to

Answer 39

low serotonin release

Question 40

the amount of neurons release and replace

Answer 40

turnover

Question 41

response to an unexpected loud noise used to measure anxiety

Answer 41

the startle reflex

Question 42

controls fear responses

Answer 42

amygdala

Question 43

learning of fear responses impaired and fear responses previously learned

Answer 43

damage to amygdala

Question 44

people with amygdala damage do or don't lose their emotions

Answer 44

don't

Question 45

characterized by increased activity of sympathetic nervous system, readying body for brief emergency activity

Answer 45

alarm

Question 46

as sympathetic response declines, adrenal cortex secretes cortisol and other hormones that enable the body to maintain prolonged alertness, fight infections, and heal wounds

Answer 46

resistance

Question 47

third stage in which individual it tired, inactive, and vulnerable because nervous system and immune system and immune systems no longer have the energy to sustain their heightened response

Answer 47

exhaustion

Question 48

the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex

Answer 48

the HPA axis

Question 49

enhances metabolic activity and elevated blood levels of sugar and other nutrients

Answer 49

cortisol

Question 50

HPA axis becomes _______ response to prolonged stressors

Answer 50

dominant

Question 51

when immune system attacks normal cells

Answer 51

autoimmune disease

Question 52

white blood cells | most important elements of the immune system

Answer 52

Leukocytes

Question 53

mature mostly in bone marrow and secretes antibodies

Answer 53

B cells

Question 54

Y-shaped proteins that attach to particular kinds of antigens

Answer 54

antibodies

Question 55

surface proteins that are antibody generator molecules

Answer 55

antigens

Question 56

mature in the thymus gland\ attack intruders directly and some help other T cells or B cells to multiply

Answer 56

T cells

Question 57

small proteins produced by leukocytes and other cells in response to infection

Answer 57

cytokines

Question 58

additional chemicals produced by immune system that promote sleepiness

Answer 58

prostaglandins

Question 59

study of relationship between nervous system and the immune system

Answer 59

psychoneuroimmunology

Question 60

prolonged increase of cortisol directs energy toward increasing metabolism and therefore detracts energy toward increasing metabolism and therefore detracts energy from synthesizing proteins

Answer 60

prolonged stress response