Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiological Psych > 14 Cognitive Functions > Flashcards

14 Cognitive Functions Flashcards

(95 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Each hemisphere gets taste information from ______ side of the tongue and smell information from the nostrils on its side

A

It’s own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Each hemisphere gets information from ________ , but slightly stronger information from contralateral eat than from ipsilateral ear

A

both ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Taste and smell are

A

Uncrossed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Set of axons through which left and right hemispheres exchange information

Sometimes severed to treat severe epilepsy

A

Corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Division of labor between the two hemispheres

Two hemispheres are not mirror images

A

Lateralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is visible at the moment

A

Visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Half of axons from each eye cross to opposite side of brain at the

A

Optic chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Each ear sends information to _____ of the brain

A

Both sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Damage to the corpus callosum

A

Prevents the 2 hemispheres from exchanging info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Condition characterized by repeated episodes of excessive synchronized neural activity

A

Epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Can result from mutation of gene controlling the GABA receptor, from trama or infection in the brain, brain tumors, or exposure to toxic substances

A

Epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Block sodium flow across the membrane or enhance effects of GABA

A

Antiepileptic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

People who have undergone surgery to corpus callosum

A

Split brain people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Split brain people _____ their intellect and motivation, walk ______, and use the two hands together on ______ tasks.

A

Maintain, normally, familiar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F Split brain people struggle with less familiar tasks

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Split brain people response ______ to stimuli presented to only one side of the body

A

Differently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Split brain person could then point with left hand to what right hemisphere had see and vice versa

A

Roger Sperry’s studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Left hemisphere is dominant for _____ production in more than 95% of right hand people and nearly ___% of left handed people

A

Speech,80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

For most people _______ hemisphere understands speech reasonably well (except for complex grammar)

A

Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Left and right hemispheres respond ___________ to non language sounds

A

about equally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Show split brain person object in the left visual field usually:

A

Cannot name object or describe it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

With speech small amounts of information travel between hemispheres through

A

Smaller commissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Patients who cannot name objects points to it correctly with _____ hand, but says:

A

Left, I don’t know what it was

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Advantages in having just one hemisphere control speech

A

Many people with bilateral speech stutter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
In first few weeks after surgery, hemispheres act like
Separate people sharing one body
26
Corpus callosum doesn't heal, but brain learns to use smaller connections (________) between hemispheres
Commissures
27
Speak in monotone voice Don't understand other people's emotional expressions Usually fail to understand humor and sarcasm
People with damage in parts of right hemisphere
28
in split brain people ____ hemisphere does better than the ____ at recognizing whether two photographs show same or different emotions
right, left
29
An area in the temporal cortex that is larger in the left hemisphere in 65% of people
Planum temporale
30
Corpus callosum matures gradually over first ___ to ___ years of life
5-10
31
Because connections take years to develop their mature adult pattern, young children exhibit certain behaviors similar to those of ________ adults
Split brain
32
Ppl without corpus callosum can perform many tasked that split brain people _____
Fail
33
In ppl born without corpus callosum each hemisphere develops pathways connecting it to both sides of the body Results in
Enabling left hemisphere to feel both left and right hands
34
Connects anterior parts of cerebral cortex
Anterior commisure
35
Connects left and right hippocampi
Hippocampal commisure
36
In ppl born without corpus callosum the brains other commissures become _____ than usual
Larger
37
T/F | You do not rely on one hemisphere more than the other- you use both hemispheres for all but the simple tasks
True
38
The ability to produce new signals to represent new ideas
Productivity
39
T/F What we learn from studying non human language abilities: We gain insights into how best to teach language skills to those who do not learn it easily like: Ppl with brain damage Children with autism
True
40
Language developed as accidental by-product of intelligence
Simplest view
41
T/F | Problems with simplest view: not all people with full-sized brains have normal language
True
42
A genetic condition ____ impair language without impairing other aspects of intelligent
Can
43
Disorder that affects 1 in 20,000 Many speak grammatically & fluently Poor at tasks related to numbers, visuospatial skills, and spatial perception
Williams Syndrome | 2nd problem with byproduct of intelligence theory
44
Proposed what humans have a language acquisition device (built in mechanism for acquiring language)
Chomsky & Pinker
45
Humans have specially evolved something that enables them to learn language easily
Most researchers agree
46
_____ are better than ______ children at memorizing the vocabulary of a second language
Adults, children
47
_______ have a great advantage on learning the pronunciation and mastering the grammar
Children
48
Severe language impairment usually due to brain damage
Broca's aphasia (non fluent aphasia)
49
Ppl with Broca's aphasia have comprehension deficits when sentence structure is _____
Complicated
50
Ppl with Broca's aphasia are slow & awkward with all forms of expression, including ______, ______, & _______
Speaking, writing, gesturing
51
When ppl with Broca's aphasia speak they omit most _______ & trouble understanding these words
``` Closed class of grammatical forms Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, & helping verbs ```
52
Damage in part of the left temporal cortex produces Patients could speak & write, but language comprehension poor Anomia
Wernicke's aphasia (fluent aphasia)
53
Difficulty recalling the names of objects
Anomia
54
Music & language have ____ parallels
Strong
55
________ strongly activated when orchestral musicians sight-read music
Broca's area
56
Specific impairment in reading I someone with adequate vision and adequate skills in other academic areas
Dyslexia
57
People with dyslexia ____ likely to have bilaterally symmetrical cerebral cortex
More
58
Children with dyslexia show _____ arousal in parietal and temporal cortex when reading
Less
59
Have trouble sounding out words a and try to remember each word as a whole
Dysphonetic dyslexics
60
Sound out words okay, but fail to recognize a word as a whole Read slowly and have trouble with irregularly spelled words
Dyseidetic dyslexics
61
Most ppl with dyslexia have _____ problems
Auditory
62
It's more than just hearing problems, many ppl with dyslexia have problems with _____
Attention
63
The view that everything that exists is physical or material
Materialism
64
Mental events that don't exist at all; folk psychology based on minds and mental activity is fundamentally mistaken
Eliminative materialism
65
The view that only the mind really exists and that the physical world could not exist unless some mind were aware of it
Mentalism
66
The view that mental processes and certain kinds of brain processes are the same thing, described in different terms
Identity position
67
T/F the mind is not the brain.
True, the mind is brain activity
68
Knowing the differences between various states of consciousness
Easy problem of consciousness
69
Knowing why and how any kind of brain activity is associated with consciousness
Hard problem of consciousness
70
If a cooperative person reports the prescribes of one stimulus and cannot report the presences of a second stimulus, then he/she was conscious of the first and not the second
Operational definition
71
Consciousness is almost synonymous with ______
Attention
72
If you observe a complex scene, and something in it changes slowly, or changes while you blind your eyes, there is a good chance you will not notice it
Inattentional blindness
73
Present stimulus under 2 conditions We expect the observer to be _____ of it We expect the observer to be _______ of it
aware, unconscious
74
A brief visual stimulus preceded and followed by mask interfering stimuli
Masking
75
Just the later stimulus is presented
Backward masking
76
Consciousness of a stimuli depends on the ______ & ______ of brain activity
Amount & spread
77
For both conscious and unconscious conditions, stimulus initially activated the _____________ cortex, but activation was stronger in conscious condition
Primary visual cortex
78
In conscious condition, activity spread to several additional areas including __________ cortex and __________ cortex - areas apparently amplify the signal
Prefrontal, parietal
79
Conscious stimulus also synchronizes responses for ______ in various brain areas
Neurons
80
Conscious stimulus produce more ______ response from one trial to another
Consistent
81
Their synaptic inputs arrive simultaneously at their target cells, producing maximal summation
Consequences of synchronized action potentials
82
Being conscious of a stimulus depends on the amount of brain activity - it's information has taken over more of your brain's activity
Implication
83
Slow and gradual shifts in perception from one eye to the other
Binocular rivalry
84
When a stimulus activated enough neurons to a sufficient extent, activity reverberates, magnifies, and extends over much of the brain
Threshold phenomenon
85
If you see a dot in one position, alternating with a similar dot nearby, it will seem to you that the dot is moving back and forth
Phi phenomenon
86
Reaction to a stimulus
Bottom-up attention
87
Intentional and controlled
Top-down attention
88
The finding that the ability to name an ink color in which a word is printed is inhibited if that word happens to name a conflicting color
Stroll effect
89
Directing attention toward something requires _______ activity in some neurons and ______ it in others
increasing, decreasing
90
Deliberate top-down direction of attention depends on parts of the ______ cortex and ______ cortex
prefrontal, parietal
91
A tendency for many people with damage to parts of the right hemisphere to ignore the left side of the body or the left side of objects
Spatial neglect
92
The main problems with neglect is ______, not impaired ______
Attention, sensations
93
Tell the person to pay attention Have person look left while feeling an object with the left hand Have person cross hand one over other in front of body
Increase attention to neglected side
94
Many patients with neglect also have deficits with ___________ and with shifting attention, even when the location is irrelevant
Spatial working memory
95
Left hemisphere sees only _____ side of the world. | Right hemisphere sees only _____ side of the world
Right | Left

Physiological Psych (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions