10/5 Questions

Question 1

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated?

Answer 1

the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus

Question 2

What part of the cervical intervertebral disc is highly innervated?

Answer 2

the middle third of the annulus fibrosus

Question 3

What are the types of receptor endings in the intervertebral disc?

Answer 3

nociceptors and proprioceptors

Question 4

What is the relationship between size of the intervertebral disc and receptor endings?

Answer 4

the larger the disc, the greater the variety of receptor endings

Question 5

The reccurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve has typically been shown to originate from which source?

Answer 5

the gray ramus communicans

Question 6

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated by the recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve?

Answer 6

the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the posterior part of the intervertebral disc

Question 7

What forms the anterior neural plexus of the vertebral column?

Answer 7

fibers from the ventral primary ramus

Question 8

What forms the lateral neural plexus of the vertebral column?

Answer 8

fibers from the ventral primary ramus
fibers from the white ramus communicans
fibers from the paradiscal ramus communicans
fibers from the gray ramus communicans

Question 9

What is the name given to the white ramus communicans which becomes embedded within the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc?

Answer 9

the paradiscal ramus communicans

Question 10

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated by fibers from the paradiscal ramus communicans?

Answer 10

the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the lateral part of the intervertebral disc

Question 11

How does the intervertebral disc attach to the vertebral body?

Answer 11

sharpey’s fibers from the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus are firmly embedded into the epiphyseal rims of the adjacent vertebral bodies

Question 12

What is the popular theory of intra-abdominal cavity pressure and intervertebral disc response to weight bearing?

Answer 12

increasing the intra-abdominal cavity pressure will diminish the amount of resistance the intervertebral disc needs to generate by up to 50%

Question 13

Based on histology, what is the classification of the intervertebral disc?

Answer 13

a cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

Question 14

What are the divisions of the embryonic somite?

Answer 14

the sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome

Question 15

What structure is formed following migration of sclerotomes to surround the notochord?

Answer 15

the perichordal blastema

Question 16

What is formed within the perichordal blastema between the sclerotomites?

Answer 16

the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

Question 17

What does the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner become?

Answer 17

the perichordal disc

Question 18

What will the dense sclerotomite become?

Answer 18

the upper part of the vertebral segment forming below

Question 19

What structure forms following migration and subsequent mixing of the sclerotomites?

Answer 19

the vertebral blastema

Question 20

What part of the intervertebral disc will the notochord form?

Answer 20

the nucleus pulposus

Question 21

What part of the intervertebral disc will the perichordal disc form?

Answer 21

the annulus fibrosus

Question 22

What is the earliest indicator of the position of the adult intervertebral disc?

Answer 22

the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

Question 23

What vertebral levels will the anterior longitudinal ligament attach to?

Answer 23

those between occiput and S3 inclusive are traditionally indicated

Question 24

What is the lowest extent of the anterior longitudinal ligament based on recent studies?

Answer 24

L3

Question 25

What is believed to form the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar spine?

Answer 25

the tendon of the crura of the diaphragm

Question 26

What innervates the anterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 26

the anterior neural plexus formed by fibers from the ventral primary ramus and sympathetic postganglionic fibers from the paravertebral ganglia

Question 27

What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 27

it brakes or limits dorsi-flexion or hyperextension of the vertebral column

Question 28

What was ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar region identified as?

Answer 28

Forestier's Disease

Question 29

What is ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar region now identified as?

Answer 29

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis or DISH

Question 30

What is the classification of the posterior longitudinal ligament-vertebral body joint?

Answer 30

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

Question 31

What vertebral levels will the posterior longitudinal ligament attach to?

Answer 31

those between C2 and S3 inclusive are traditionally indicated

Question 32

What will the posterior longitudinal ligament attach to in addition to vertebral bodies?

Answer 32

the intervertebral disc

Question 33

Newer research suggests what regional variation in the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 33

prominent in the cervicals, occasional in the thoracics, rare in the lumbars

Question 34

What is the relationship of the posterior longitudinal ligament to the vertebral foramen?

Answer 34

it forms the anterior boundary of the spinal canal

Question 35

What is the appearance of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine?

Answer 35

it is parallel along its lateral margins

Question 36

What is the appearance of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar spine?

Answer 36

it is hourglass shaped along its lateral margins

Question 37

What is the innermost layer of the posterior longitudinal ligament called?

Answer 37

the perivertebral ligament

Question 38

What innervates the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 38

the posterior neural plexus formed by fibers from the recurrent meningeal nerve/sinus vertebral nerve/sinu-vertebral nerve

Question 39

What is the area of maximum metabolic activity in the intervertebral disc?

Answer 39

the transition zone