12.3 - Avian Urinary System

Question 1

Birds are ?, excreting toxic nitrogenous compounds (particularly ammonia) in the form of a considerably less harmful metabolic product (uric acid) in the urine

Answer 1

uricotelic

Question 2

Birds lack the enzyme called ? and are therefore unable to convert urate into allantoin.

Answer 2

urate oxidase (uricase)

Question 3

► embedded dorsally in excavations of the synsacrum

Answer 3

Kidneys

Question 4

As in mammals, the what glands lie medial to the cranial pole of the kidneys?

Answer 4

adrenal glands

Question 5

both kidneys is in contact with the what paired air sacs?

Answer 5

abdominal air sacs

Question 6

► emerges from the ventral surface of the kidney in the region of the middle renal division
► enters the dorsolateral wall of the cloaca at an acute angle, opening into the urodeum at the ureteric ostium

Answer 6

Ureter

Question 8

Ureter
► emerges from the ventral surface of the kidney in the region of the middle renal division
► enters the dorsolateral wall of the cloaca at an acute angle, opening into the urodeum at the?

Answer 8

ureteric ostium