10. Fungus-like Bacteria

Question 1

Minor genera that are fungus-like bacteria

Answer 1

Rhodococcus
Actinomadura
Nocardiopsis

Question 2

Anaerobic fungus-like bacteria

Answer 2

Actinomyces

Question 3

Aerobic fungus-like bacteria

Answer 3

Nocardia

Streptomyces

Question 4

Fungus-like bacteria that stains partially acid-fast

Answer 4

Nocardia

Question 5

Produced by all fungus-like bacteria

Answer 5

Granules

Question 6

Oxygen requirement of Actinomyces spp.

Answer 6

Obligate aerobe

Question 7

Gram-reaction of Actinomyces spp.

Answer 7

Gram positive

Question 8

Fungus-like bacteria that produces yellow sulfur granules

Answer 8

Actinomyces spp.

Question 9

Most common Actinomyces spp.

Answer 9

Actinomyces israelii

Question 10

Most common Nocardia spp.

Answer 10

Nocardia asteroides

Question 11

Nocardia spp. most important in tropical areas

Answer 11

Nocardia brasiliensis

Question 12

Disease caused by Nocardia spp.

Answer 12

Nocardiosis

Question 13

Gram reaction of Nocardia spp.

Answer 13

Gram variable

Question 14

Acid fast reaction of Nocardia spp.

Answer 14

Modified acid-fast bacilli positive

Question 15

Oxygen requirements of Nocardia spp.

Answer 15

Strictly aerobic

Question 16

Filamentous and branching seen on microscope

Answer 16

Nocardia spp.

Question 17

Nocardia colonies usually form within _______, but may require up to __________

Answer 17

4 days; 2-4 weeks

Question 18

Has “moldlike” colonies

Answer 18

Nocardia spp.

Question 19

Has a distinct strong mildew odor

Answer 19

Nocardia spp.

Question 20

Has a gram-variable or “beaded” appearance

Answer 20

Nocardia spp.

Question 21

Describe the “beaded” appearance of Nocardia spp.

Answer 21

Alternating gram-positive and gram-negative segments along a filament

Question 22

What is the appearance of Nocardia spp. under suboptimal conditions?

Answer 22

Uniformly gram-negative

Question 23

Acid fast stains for Nocardia spp.

Answer 23

• Modified Ziehl-Neelsen

- Kinyoun acid-fast stain

Question 24

Used to differentiate Nocardia spp. and other aerobic actinomycetes

Answer 24

Tap water agar morphology

Question 25

Appearance of Nocardia spp. on tap water agar

Answer 25

Has branching hyphae with aerial hyphae

Question 26

Differentiate N. asteroides and N. brasiliensis based on biochemical characteristics

Answer 26

N. brasiliensis: hydrolyzes casein and tyrosine | N. asteroides: does not hydrolyze casein, xanthine, or tyrosine

Question 27

A soil saprophyte associated with domestic farm animals

Answer 27

Rhodococcus equi

Question 28

Colonies of R. equi form in

Answer 28

2-4 days

Question 29

Gram reaction of R. equi

Answer 29

Gram-positive coccobacillus

Question 30

Has glistening, smooth, pink to red colonies

Answer 30

R. equi

Question 31

Sometimes partially acid-fast

Answer 31

R. equi

Question 32

Biochemical characteristics of R. equi

Answer 32

Does not hydrolyze casein, tyrosine, or xanthine

Question 33

Has a musty smell

Answer 33

Streptomyces spp.

Question 34

Streptomyces spp. found in soil

Answer 34

Streptomyces griseus

Question 35

Aerial, tertiary branching on tap water agar

Answer 35

Streptomyces spp. | Actinomadura spp.

Question 36

Streptomyces spp. form colonies within

Answer 36

3-5 days at 35°C

Question 37

Gram reaction of Streptomyces spp.

Answer 37

Gram-positive filamentous bacilli

Question 38

Biochemical characteristics of Streptomyces spp.

Answer 38

Hydrolyzes casein and tyrosine

Question 39

2 common Actinomadura spp.

Answer 39

Actinomadura madurae | Actinomadura pelletieri

Question 40

Disease caused by Actinomadura spp.

Answer 40

Mycetoma

Question 41

Gram reaction of Actinomadura spp.

Answer 41

Gram-positive filamentous bacilli

Question 42

Biochemical characteristics of Actinomadura spp.

Answer 42

Hydrolyzes casein and tyrosine

Question 43

Fungus-like bacteria that is thermotolerant

Answer 43

Nocardiopsis spp.

Question 44

Causes a very rare case of mycetoma

Answer 44

Nocardiopsis spp.

Question 45

3 major genera that are fungus-like bacteria

Answer 45

Actinomyces Nocardia Streptomyces