10. History of intelligence Flashcards
(16 cards)
What was Galton’s key idea of intelligence?
Low intelligence individuals are less responsive to sensory information
What tests did Galton use to measure intelligence?
Reaction time
Keenness of sight and hearing
Colour judgment
What was Binet’s idea of intelligence?
Sensory experience + information = consciousness
What did Binet first develop to test intelligence?
The Binet-Simon Scale
What is the Binet-Simon scale?
First intelligence test consisting of 30 different tasks such as:
- naming body parts
- recalling digits
- counting objects
What test did Terman introduce as more accurate than the Binet-Simon scale?
Stanford-Binet test
Who first developed the idea of IQ?
William Stern
How did Stern calculate IQ?
Used a ratio of a person’s real age to their mental age
What was Yerkes Army Alpha test?
Focused on literacy and included oral tests, written tests and cognitive abilities test
What is the Army Beta test?
Similar to the Alpha test but not as much of a focus on language
What is classed as general intelligence?
General ability
Specific abilities
What are the two main tests used to measure ‘G’?
Wechler test
Raven’s progressive
What is the eugenics movement?
Galton wanted genetically superior human beings through selective marriage
(general belief of white supremacy)
What is a case study that supports the eugenics movement?
Buck vs Bell (1927)
Carrie (mental age of a 9 year old) had a child, this child had an IQ lower than normal, the state ruled in favour of sterilisation of her infant
What are Hernstein & Murrays claims about the bell curve of intelligence?
- G exists
- Individual differences
- IQ is stable over lifespan
- Cognitive elites exist
What is the relationship between higher IQ and wealth?
More money- better educated- higher IQ- more job opportunities
