2. Social groups Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is a common bond group?
A group we are in face-to-face contact with daily e.g. family
What is a common identity group?
Don’t see all members but psychologically apart of e.g. a nation
What is a social aggregate group?
From the perspective as a researcher, but don’t often think of ourselves in that group e.g. people with blue eyes
What is entitavity?
The extent to which a group is seen as distinct, coherent and bounded
What is an example of a high entitavity group?
Football team
What is an example of a low entitavity group?
Saturday shoppers
What is are two key factor in group cohesiveness?
Social attraction- we like someone based on their shared group membership and proto-typicallity (how much they conform to the expectation of the group)
Mediation of goals- goals requiring interdependance (help from the group)
What did Boyd et al find promotes group cohesiveness?
a task-involving climate where a learning environment is fostered instead of skill and punishment of mistakes
What is social facilitation?
Improvement of easy tasks and deterioration of difficult tasks when performing in front of a group
What is Zajonic’s drive theory?
- Being around others increases our arousal and social readiness
- These act as a drive which energises our behaviour
- If the task is correct (something we find easy and natural to us), our performance increases
What is social attraction? (and factors that can influence it)
The ‘liking’ aspect of group membership
linked to proto-typicality, common group membership,
What are the five stages of group socialisation?
- Investigation
- Socialisation
- Maintenance/negotiation
- Resocialisation
- Remembrance
Lauger-street socialisation:
What did they find with former gang members as they learn group socialisation?
The process of socialisation is done through story-telling and teaching lessons to the younger gang members
What did Decker et al find about leaving a gang?
It happens in stages
first doubts
alternative lifestyles
turning point (e.g. having a child)
What are the ‘Norms’ of a group?
The expected behaviour of a person when they join a group which defines the mebership and differentiates between groups
What are descriptive and injunctive norms?
Descriptive- describe what others are doing in a situation
Injunctive- describe what others in the group approve and disapprove of
What is ethnomethodology? (Garfinkel)
A method of discovering hidden norms in groups that often go unnoticed by isolating certain behaviours
e.g. if someone is wearing swimming trunks to a job interview it tells us of the social norms of dressing professionally
What factors can contribute to someone having a higher status?
Time, high group orientation (important to them), specific status characteristics (good for the group) and diffuse status characteristics (wider society deems acceptable)
What are marginal members?
Disliked by the group (often more than outgroup members- Black Sheep effect),
ingroup critisism = taken more seriously
What did Abrams et al find were childrens view of normative and non-normative behaviours?
Children ages 6> didn’t have a negative view of non-normative behaviour
Children aged 8< had negative views
What is our personal identity?
The idiosyncratic aspects of ourself
What is our social identity?
Transcends the personal self
What is the frustration- aggression hypothesis? - Dollard
- We face difficulties everyday that build stress and frustration
- The way we can suppress this is by achieving our life goals
- If we cannot do that, we resort to aggressive behaviour
-This is targeted at specific groups as often who we are really angry at is out of reach (e.g. a nation or authority figure)
What is the simple equation for the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
aggression = frustration and
frustration = aggression
