11. History of intelligence 2 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are explicit theories of intelligence?
Theories devised by experts
What are implicit theories of intelligence?
Constructs people hold implicitly
What are the two types of implicit theories?
Entity and incremental theories
What is entity theory?
Intelligence is fixed and stable
What is incremental theory?
Intelligence is malleable and can be changed
What are the six ideas of a layperson’s intelligence found by Sternberg et al (1981)?
- Practical problem-solving
- Verbal ability
- Intellectual balance and integration
- Goal orientation and attainment
- Contextual intelligence
- Fluid thought
What are the main cultural differences for eastern and western ideas of intelligence?
Western- emphasis on the individual
Eastern- Social, historical aspects of everyday interaction
Consideration of family and friends
What are the ideas of African and Asian cultures in intelligence?
Emphasise harmonious group interactions and spiritual needs
What did Yang and Sternberg (1997) find were some differences in Taiwanese Chinese ideas of intelligence?
Taiwanese concepts are more akin to older adults and have an emphasis on practical aspects of intelligence
How have Western ideas of intelligence changed over time?
More emphasis on non-cognitive factors and they may be becoming more similar to Korean concepts of intelligence
What are Thurstone’s 7 ideas of intelligence?
- Word fluency
- Verbal comprehension
- Number
- Spatial visualisation
- Association/ associative memory
- Perceptual speed
- Reasoning
What is Cattel’s theory of intelligence?
Belief that IQ is fluid and crystalised
What is fluid intelligence?
Capacity to reason
- Acquire and process information
- Ability to multitask
- Manage complex tasks
What is crystalised intelligence?
Knowledge acquired from experience and interaction with the world
- Vocab
-Maths
- Making connections
What are the three elements of Guilford’s Structure of Intelligence theory cube?
Content: what someone thinks about
Operations: kinds of thinking required
Products: kinds of answers required
What are Gardener’s nine intelligences?
- Linguistic
- Logical-mathematical
- Spatial
- Musical
- Bodily- Kinesthetic
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
- Naturalist
- Existentialist
What are the three components of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence?
- Componential
- Experiential
- Practical
What is Bar-on’s 5 elements of emotional intelligence?
- Intrapersonal
- Interpersonal
- Adaptability
- Stress management
- General mood
