10. Japanese Occupation in PH & WW II Flashcards
1941 - 1945 (31 cards)
In the late 19th century, Japan under Emperor Meiji transformed itself to a modern, industrialized, militaristic, and imperial nation. This was AFTER more than two centuries of isolation and feudalism under the Tokugawa Shogunate.
Meiji Restoration
Japan’s 3 KEY MILITARY SUCCESS demonstrating new power:
- First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)
- Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
- Japan, as Allied Power, in WW1 (1914-1918)
What 3 territories did Japan occupy during its Imperial Rise?
- Occupation Taiwan (1895-1945)
- Occupation of Korea (1910-1945)
- Occupation of Manchuria (1932-1945)
In 1940, Japan unveiled its policy called the __________________ which aimed to create economic, military, and cultural unity among East Asian and Asia-Pacific nations.
Greater Asia Co-prosperity Sphere
Greater Asia Co-prosperity Sphere.
This policy promised peace, harmony, and prosperity under Japanese leadership, and argued that ________________ and therefore promoted the expulsion of Western colonizers.
Asia should be for the Asians
Beginning of World War II.
What event marked the official start of WWII in Europe?
Nazi Germany’s invasion of Poland under Hitler (1939)
Beginning of World War II.
a. US President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved the US Pacific Fleet from its usual station at San Diego, California to __________.
b. Japan entered a historic pact with Hitler’s Germany and Benito Mussolini’s Italy.
c. Japan launched a
surprise ________________ using 350 bomber planes.
a. Transfer to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
b. Tripartite Pact of 1940
c. Attack on Pearl Harbor
> 350 bomber planes
> Under 90 mins.
> 8 battleships & 400 aircrafts destroyed
> 2,400 Americans killed
> US entered WWII next day.
Japanese Invasion of the Philippines.
Few hours after the destruction at Pearl Harbor, Japan invaded
the British-held (3) ________________. In the following week, they reached and occupied the _____________.
Hong Kong, Malaya
Borneo, Thailand
the Philippines
& Dutch East Indies
Japanese Invasion of the Philippines.
The advancing Japanese were challenged by the newly-created ____________________, which was a coalition of Filipino and American forces in the Philippines. Being POORLY TRAINED AND ARMED, the soldiers of the USAFFE were defeated repeatedly by their opponents.
US Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE)
Japanese Invasion of the Philippines.
Manila city was declared an __________ to avoid its destruction on Dec. 26, 1941. The Japanese, nevertheless,
bombed the city and officially captured it on Jan 2, 1942.
OPEN CITY
Japanese Invasion of the Philippines.
Shortly after, the USAFFE soldiers were ordered to move to ___________ to avoid being trapped by the enemies in
the capital. Here, they successfully repelled Japanese attacks for a few weeks.
Corregidor and Bataan
Japanese Invasion of the Philippines.
Upon orders of US President Franklin Roosevelt, Quezon and MacArthur left for the US via Australia on March 11, 1942. In Australia, MacArthur real a speech which had the famous quote, “I shall return.”
Government-in-exile
Japanese Invasion of the Philippines.
With depleted supply of ammunitions, food, water, and
medicine, the USAFFE in Bataan yielded to the Japanese. On April 9, around 75,000 Filipino and American soldiers surrendered, signifying the ______________.
Fall of Bataan
Japanese Invasion of the Philippines.
____________ was also captured by the Japanese on May 6.
a. The USAFFE soldiers were forced by the Japanese to walk for ______________ from Bataan to Camp O’Donnell in Capas, Tarlac
b. This journey called the _________________, resulted to the death of around 18,000 soldiers.
Corregidor
a. more than 100 KILOMETERS
b. Bataan Death March
Japanese Atrocities against the Philippines.
Civilians also experienced the brutality of the Japanese.
> Suspected rebels of guerrillas were imprisoned and tortured.
> Several young women were
abducted by the Japanese to serve as sex slaves or _____________.
comfor women
Japanese Atrocities against the Philippines.
Throughout Southeast Asia, other forms of Japanese atrocities and war crimes were recorded, such as (3) ___________________________________________.
Forced Labor, Massacres, and Experimentation on Humans
Second Republic of the Philippines.
After taking Manila, Gen. Homma announced on January 3, 1942 the _______________________. He
promised to create a ‘Philippines for the Filipinos,’ free from the ‘oppressive domination of the United States’
end of the American occupation of the Philippines
Second Republic of the Philippines.
_________________ served as temporary government composed of Japanese military generals and Filipinos (Jose B. Vargas, Claro M. Recto, etc.)
Philippine Executive Commison (PEC)
Second Republic of the Philippines.
All political parties were dissolved and only the Japanese-backed _____________________
was allowed to exist. This party advocated Philippine Independence through Japanese guidance.
Kapisanan ng Paglilingkopd sa Bagong Pilipinas (KALIBAPI)
Second Republic of the Philippines.
In September 1943, a (a) _________________ was finalized. Under this, the (b) ______________ was created which, in the eyes of the Japanese and their supporters had officially
“replaced” the Commonwealth Government (Quezon-Osmena).
a. new Philippine Constitution
b. the Second Philippine Republic
Second Republic of the Philippines.
This republic had a UNICAMERAL congress called the ______________, whose speaker was Benigno S. Aquino, Sr. The elected president was Jose P. Laurel. The judiciary, meanwhile, was headed by Chief Justice Jose Y. Yulo.
National Assembly
Changes under the Japanese.
Aside from political reorganization, the Japanese aimed to overhaul the education system in the Philippines. The main goal of this was to educate the Filipinos according to Japanese standards and to extinguish pro-American sentiments
Japanese policy of de-Americanization.
teaching of Filipino and Japanese culture, Nihongo, and livelihood education.
Government-in-exile and Liberation.
The Commonwealth functioned as government-in-exile from Washington, DC. On August 1, 1944, however, Pres. Quezon died and was officially replaced by _______________.
Vice Pres. Osmeña
Government-in-exile and Liberation.
As the new president, Osmeña together with American leaders, created the strategy on how to liberate the Philippines. Even before this, however, many Filipinos and Americans had been fighting the Japanese using ________________.
guerilla warfare
