11. Postwar Problems, Nationalism, Decolonization, Cold War Politics Flashcards
194601972 (24 cards)
Postwar Philippines: Period of “Problems”
a. Buildings, school houses, roads, bridges, livestock, sugar mills, agriculture, and the banking institutions had to be ______________.
b. Independence was finally proclaimed on ________________.
c. The enthusiasm for __________ was replaced by anxiety caused by an uncertain future for the country.
a. rehabilitated or reconstructed
b. July 4, 1946
c. self-rule
Postwar Presidents (4th to 9th):
- Manual A. Roxas
- Elpidio Quirino
- Ramon Magsaysay
- Carlos P. Garcia
- Diosdado Macapagal
- Ferdinand Marcos
US-Philippine Relations -> Immediate post-war period.
> fixed P2.00 is to $1.00 exchange rate controlled by US.
> UNLIMITED FREE TRADE between PH and US for next 8 years.
> granting of parity rights to the Americans.
Philippine Trade Act of 1946 (Bell Trade Act)
US-Philippine Relations -> Immediate post-war period.
Law that established US-Philippine War Damage Commission, which was authorized to spend a total of $400,000,000 to pay for private war-damage claims and another $120,000,000 for restoring public property.
Philippine Rehabilitation Act of 1946
US-Philippine Relations during the Immediate post-war period.
To maintain US bases in the Philippines for 99 years.
Military Bases Agreement of 1947
Quezon City.
a. _________________ lapsed into law in 1939 during Pres. Quezon’s administration
b. Pres. Quirino signed Republic Act 333 in 1949 declaring Quezon City as the seat of government and _______________ of the Philippines
c. Transfer of ______________, especially those ruined in the war, to QC.
d. Pres. Marcos signed Pres. Dec. 824 in 1976 declaring ___________ as the capital city again.
a. Commonwealth Act 502
b. new capital city
c. establishments
d. Manila City
Urban Developments.
a. RAPID URBANIZATION in ___________, increasing population density.
b. Informal settlement issue in ___________.
c. Housing Pojects (2):
a. Metro Manila
b. Manila City
c. People’s Homesite and Housing Corp. & Projects 1-8
The American _____________, some of them destroyed during WW2 were recycled as utility vehicle.
a. 2 Popular Jeepney manufacturers:
military jeeps
a. Francisco Motors & Sarao Motors
Continuing US-Philippine Relations, 1950s-1960s.
> fixed P2.00 is to $1.00 exchange rate but both countries can CONTROL exchange rate.
> Pres. Macapagal FLOATED the value of peso - P3.90 is to $1.00
> Agreement expired in 1974
Laurel-Langley Agreement of 1955
note; Amendment of Bell Trade Act of 1946
Continuing US-Philippine Relations, 1950s-1960s.
Retention of military bases for 25 years (from 1966 to 1991).
Rusk-Ramos Agrement of 1966
note: Amendment to Military Bases Agrement of 1947
The open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies.
> Waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts and had only limited recourse to weapons.
Cold War
Cold War Politics.
a. Ideological War: _____________ vs ___________.
b. Forms of “competition”: (3)
a. communism vs anti-communism
b. proxy wars (Korean War & Vietnam War), space war, nuclear arms race.
Pre-war Developments.
a. 1930: ________________ led by
Crisanto A. Evangelista was established during the 13th Anniv. Great October Socialist Revolution in Russia.
b. 1932: ________________
c. Japanese Occupation Period: ________________
a. Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP-30)
b. Partido Sosyalista ng Pilipinas (PSP)
c. Hukbalahap (Hukbo ng
Bayan Laban sa Hapon)
Post-war Developments:
a. Pres. Roxas outlawed Huks and ___________________ (Mar. 6, 1946)
b. 1946 -1954: Huk Rebellion (_________________; HMB)
c. Negotiations with Pres. Roxas and Pres. Quirino (w/ help of Defense Secretary Magsaysay)
d. Surrender of Luis Taruc under Pres. Magsaysay’s time
e. Imprisonment of Luis Taruc
f. 1968-1969: ____________ (CPP) and ________________ (NPA)
a. Pambansang Kaisahan ng
Magbubukid (PKM)
b. Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng
Bayan
f. Communist Party of the Philippines & New People’s Army
“Amazons” of Huk Rebellion.
Remedios Gomez - Female Huk commander known as ____________ who led guerrilla units in Pampanga.
Kumander Liwayway
“Amazons” of Huk Rebellion.
Simeona Punzalan - Nicknamed ______________, this Huk leader organized women’s brigades in Central Luzon
Commander Guerrero
What psychological warfare tactic did the CIA use against Huks, exploiting Filipino folklore?
“Aswang Tactic” (staged corpses with fake monster bites to spread terror)
What 1956 law mandates the study of Jose Rizal’s life and works in all Philippine schools?
Rizal Law (Rep. Act 1425)
What influential textbook by Teodoro Agoncillo became a standard reference for Philippine history?
History of the Filipino People
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL declared ____________ as the official Philippine Independence Day, instead of July 4, in 1962.
June 12, 1962
The killing of Moro army recruits in Corregidor who refused to infiltrate Sabah, exposing Marcos’ secret operation and sparking Moro separatist movements.
Jabidah Massacre (1968)
FIRST major Moro separatist group founded by Datu Udtog Matalam in 1968 after the Jabidah incident.
Muslim Independence Movement (MIM)
Early Moro separatist group established in 1969 that laid groundwork for FUTURE MOVEMENTS.
Bangsamoro Liberation Organization (BMLO)
The principal separatist group founded by Nur Misuari in 1972 that waged armed struggle for Bangsamoro independence.
Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)
