7. 19th Century Philippines Flashcards
Formation of National Consciousness (41 cards)
The expulsion and disbandment of the _____________ from Spanish territories (1767) due to their growing power and conflicts with European monarchs, including King Carlos III.
Society of Jesus (Jesuits) order
Pope who officially dissolved the JESUIT ORDER in 1773 under pressure from European Catholic monarchs, particularly Spain and Portugal.
Pope Clement XIV
The Spanish king who EXPELLED THE JESUITS from Spain and its colonies, including the Philippines, as part of his regalist policies to reduce Church power.
King Carlos III (Spain)
Religious communities in the Spanish Philippines, depicted in Lozano ilustration, showing the influence of monastic orders in colonial society.
Comunidades Religiosas
A reformist archbishop who implemented policies to secularize parishes and reduce friar dominance, clashing with regular clergy in the Philippines.
Basilio Sancho de Santa Justa y Rufino.
A system where the Spanish Crown controlled the Church in its colonies, including clergy appointments and funding, under papal authority.
Royal Patronage (Patronato Real)
Roman Catholic Church Hierarchy.
The supreme leader of the Catholic Church, who granted the Spanish monarchy special privileges under the Patronato Real.
Pope
The royal authority (King of Spain) that controlled Church appointments and finances in the colonies under the Patronato Real.
Spanish Monarchy
Roman Catholic Church Hierarchy.
(a) A high-ranking bihshop who presides over an (b) __________, a large ecclesiastical district, overseeing multiple dioceses and clergy.
a. Archbishop
b. Archdiocese
Roman Catholic Church Hierarchy.
(a) A Church leader who presides over a (b) ___________, a regional district of pariches, ordaining priests and managing sacraments.
a. Bishop
b. Diocese
Roman Catholic Church Hierarchy.
(a) An ordained minister who presides over a (b) ____________, local church community, conducting Mass and administering scraments.
a. Priest
b. Parish
Mostly Spanish frairs and later included Jesuits.
Loyalty to the monastic orders and the Spanish Crown.
Religious Clergy (Regulars)
note: held vast political influence (serve as local administrators)
Filipino and Mestizo priests
+ a few Spanish diocesan priests loyal to bishops.
Loyalty to their bishops (under Patronato Real, controlled by Spain).
Secular Clergy
note: denied leadership roles due to racism.
Religious vs Secular: Patronato Real.
Period: 16th - 18th Century
Religious Clergy
Religious vs Secular: Patronato Real.
Period: Jesuit expulsion in the Philippines (1768)
Rise of Secular Clergies, while Religious Clergies are still present.
Religious vs Secular: Patronato Real.
Period: Spanish American wars of Independence (1800s)
Reversal of Secularization (1826)
Return of Jesuits (1859)
> Assigned in Mindanao, Religious orders in Mindanao were transferred to Luzon/Visayas (e.g. Recollects in Antipolo)
Religious Clergies only/mostly again
Religious vs Secular Catholic Clergy in the Philippines.
a. Peninsulares
b. Insulares, Mestizos, Indios
a. Religious
b. Secular
* experiences the same issues
* fought for secularization (common interest)
* born in the Philippines (expanding the term ‘Filipino’)
A FAILED uprising of Filipino soldiers and laborers (200+) at Cavite Arsenal against SPANISH RULE.
Cavite Mutiny
Fort San Felipe, Cavite
The public execution of 3 Filipino priests (Burgos, Gomez, Zamora) via garrote (iron ollar).
Gomburza Execution (1872)
The propaganda newspaper of the Filipino reform movement in Spain, founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena.
Goal: Peaceful reforms for equality, and representation in Spanish Cortes
La Solidaridad
La Solidaridad (1888-1895)
Aims:
1. Removal of the _________ and ____________.
2. Active participation in the affairs of the government.
3. Freedom of _________, ___________, ____________.
4. Wider social and political freedom.
5. Equality before the law.
6. Assimilation
7. Representation in the __________.
- friars and secularization
- speech, of the press, and of asembly
- Spanish cortes
What is the common motivation of the ff.:
1. Noli me Tangere (1887) - Jose Rizal
2. El Filibusterismo (1891) - Jose Rizal
3. Dasalan at Tocsohan (1888) - Marcelo H. Del Pilar
anti-friar sentiment
What is the common motivation of the ff.:
1. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (1890) - Annotation by Jose Rizal
2. El Folklore Filipino (1889) - Isabelo de los Reyes
3. Prehistoria de Filipinas (1889) - Isabelo de los Reyes
recover the “lost” history; correcting history; proving that the Philippines wasn’t “backward”.
