(10) RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

• system responsible for the exchange of waste gas for usable
gas between the blood and the air in the environment
• found in the thoracic cavity

Answer 1

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 2

Tract that optimally warm or cool the gases brought into the body

Answer 2

upper respiratory tract

Question 3

Tract that includes the trachea to the lungs

Answer 3

lower respiratory tract

Question 4

• Production of sound caused by movement of air across the vocal folds, causing them to vibrate. The associated resonance, changed and modified by the tongue, oral cavity, mouth and lips, produces characteristic sounds

Answer 4

Phonation

Question 5

• The sense of smell, perceived in the brain (cerebral cortex) involves receptors located in the nasal cavity

Answer 5

Olfaction

Question 6

• By panting, the dog helps control the body temperature via evaporation. The lungs also play a role in acid-base balance and regulation of circulating substances in the blood

Answer 6

Heat regulation

Question 7

the rostral structure protruding slightly from the face

Answer 7

External nose

Question 8

the groove in the lip and middle of the nose separating the nostrils

Answer 8

Philtrum

Question 9

(cranial nares) the external openings into the nasal cavity, thus, the respiratory system

Answer 9

Nostrils

Question 10

the rostral end of the nasal bones and the incisive bones, referred to as the immovable nose; the nasal cartilages extend from the opening rostrally

Answer 10

Bony nasal aperture

Question 11

the nasal cartilages, their ligaments and skin coverings

Answer 11

Movable portion of the nose

Question 12

the structure giving the nose its characteristic appearance. The nasal cartilages project rostrally from the bony nasal aperture

Answer 12

Cartilage of the nose

Question 13

opens externally at the nostrils or external nares. It communicates behind with the nasopharynx thru the posterior nares and the paranasal sinuses.

Answer 13

nasal cavity

Question 14

the rostral part just inside the nostril

Answer 14

Vestibule

Question 15

Part of nasal cavity filled with nasal conchae

Answer 15

Middle part

Question 16

Part that contains numerous ethmoturbinates of nasal cavity

Answer 16

Caudal part

Question 17

a vertical plate, cartilaginous rostrally and bony caudally, that separates the nasal cavity into right and left halves

Answer 17

Nasal septum

Question 18

This organ is a paired structure that lies in the rostroventral portion of nasal septum and functions in kin recognition and sexual behavior by its reception of pheromones; opens into the incisive duct that elicits flehman response

Answer 18

Vomeronasal organ

Question 19

(“shells”) which are delicate paper-thin scrolls of bone covered with vascular mucus membrane that projects at the lateral walls of the cavity

Answer 19

Conchae or turbinate bones

Question 20

In the caudal half of nasal cavity, covered by mucosa containing sensory endings of olfactory nerve, responsible for the keen sense of smell

Answer 20

Ethmoidal nasal concha (ethmoidal labyrinth)

Question 21

spaces in between the chonchae

Answer 21

Meati

Question 22

communicates caudally with the nasopharynx and eventually the esophagus

Answer 22

Ventral nasal meatus

Question 23

• Air-filled spaces in the skull
• Communicate with the space of the nasal cavity

Answer 23

PARANASAL SINUS

Question 24

• part of both respiratory and digestive systems

Answer 24

PHARYNX

Question 25

located caudal to the nasal cavity, contains opening of auditory tube

Answer 25

nasopharynx

Question 26

located caudal to the oral cavity, ventral to the soft palate; contains the tonsils

Answer 26

oropharynx

Question 27

caudal to both the nasopharynx and oropharynx; surrounds larynx; opens into the esophagus and larynx

Answer 27

laryngopharynx

Question 28

• A complex cartilaginous and muscular tube that connects the pharynx and trachea • located just caudal to the soft palate and the base of the tongue; ventral to the pharynx at the level of the atlas • Suspended in the intermandibular space and attached to the tongue by the hyoid apparatus

Answer 28

LARYNX

Question 29

This cartilage forms the epiglottis

Answer 29

Epiglottic cartilage

Question 30

largest, open dorsally of laryngeal cartilage

Answer 30

Thyroid cartilage

Question 31

This cartilage forms a complete ring (signet)

Answer 31

Cricoid cartilage

Question 32

paired cartilage ; where the vocal ligament (“vocal cord”) and the vocalis muscles is attached

Answer 32

Arytenoid cartilage

Question 33

• Suspends the tongue and larynx from the skull in the intermandibular space • Attached to the mastoid region proximally and thyroid cartilage distally • Composed of a set of tiny yet strong bones assembled by synchondrosis

Answer 33

HYOID APPARATUS

Question 34

rod shaped distinctly bowed towards the midline

Answer 34

Stylohyoid bone (“pole”)

Question 35

sitting “upon” the central region of the hyoid apparatus

Answer 35

Epihyoid bone (“upon”)

Question 36

shortest hyoid bone

Answer 36

Ceratohyoid bone (“horn”)

Question 37

positioned within the base of the tongue

Answer 37

Basihyoid bone

Question 38

attached to the thyroid cartilage

Answer 38

Thyrohyoid bone

Question 39

• cartilaginous and membranous tube which extends from the larynx to the hilus of the lungs where it terminates by dividing into left and right bronchi above the base of the heart • composed of a series of C shaped cartilaginous rings joined by fibroelastic connective tissue called the annular ligaments

Answer 39

TRACHEA OR WINDPIPE

Question 40

divisions of airways within the lungs; with progressively decreasing diameter at the level of the base of the heart; the last and smallest division of the airway is the dead-end alveolus, arranged in clusters like grapes off the end of a bronchiole

Answer 40

Bronchi

Question 41

This segment is a self-contained, cone shaped section of lung tissue within a lobe

Answer 41

Bronchopulmonary segment

Question 42

convex cranial end of the lungs, directed toward the thoracic inlet

Answer 42

Apex

Question 43

concave caudal portion of the lungs, conforms to the diaphragm

Answer 43

Base (diaphragmatic surface)

Question 44

This surface lies laterally against the thoracic wall

Answer 44

Costal surface

Question 45

This surface faces the opposite lung through the mediastinun; with cardiac impression of the right lung between the 3rd and 6th rib

Answer 45

Medial surface

Question 46

concave surface conforming to the diaphragm

Answer 46

Diaphragmatic surface

Question 47

the opening between lobes of the lungs where the heart sac comes in contact with the thoracic wall

Answer 47

Cardiac notch of the right lung

Question 48

the general area where vascular, nervous and airway structures enter or leave the lung

Answer 48

Hilus

Question 49

comprise the collected structures that pass into and out of the lung at the hilus

Answer 49

Root

Question 50

• Supplies lung tissue with oxygenated blood • They arise from branches of the aorta

Answer 50

Bronchial vessels

Question 51

This lung is larger than the left, more lobes than the left

Answer 51

Right lung

Question 52

• The space between the lungs, a median structure extending along the midline from the thoracic inlet to the diaphragm

Answer 52

MEDIASTINUM

Question 53

• A musculotendinous organ of inspiration that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity • Has a tendinous center and muscular periphery • Pierced by three foramina • Innervated by the phrenic nerves

Answer 53

DIAPHRAGM