(12) URINARY SYSTEM OF THE DOG

Question 1

• Considered part of the urogenital system

Answer 1

Organs of the Urinary system

Question 2

The urinary system consists of the following organs:

Answer 2

– Kidneys
– Ureters
– Urinary Bladder
– Urethra

Question 3

• Functional organs of the urinary system that filters blood and produce urine
• Functions:
– Excretion of nitrogenous waste
– Vitamin D metabolism
– Recover proteins, sugars and water from the filtrate; plays an essential role in electrolyte balance and mineral conservation
– Produce vasoactive substances (agents that play a role in blood pressure regulation) and erythropoietin (a hormone that stimulates red blood cells

Answer 3

Kidneys

Question 4

– Elongate, smooth-surfaced, dark reddish-brown and bean-shaped
– Lies along the dorsal abdominal wall to the right and left of the vertebral column, just ventral to the sublumbar muscles

Answer 4

Kidneys

Question 5

right kidney lying more cranial than left kidney by about half the length of the organ

Answer 5

Staggered in position

Question 6

This organ extends from T12 or T13 to L2 or L3; more firmly fixed than the left; but both are somewhat mobile

Answer 6

Right kidney

Question 7

This organ extends from L2-L3

Answer 7

Left kidney

Question 8

lies with its cranial pole embedded in the renal impression in the caudate process of the caudate lobe of the liver

Answer 8

Right kidney

Question 9

Right kindey relation: liver and right adrenal gland

Answer 9

Cranially

Question 10

Right kindey relation: caudal vena cava

Answer 10

Medially

Question 11

Right kindey relation: descending duodenum, pancreas and full stomach

Answer 11

Ventrally

Question 12

Right kindey relation: last rib and abdominal wall

Answer 12

Laterally

Question 13

Right kindey relation: spleen and full stomach

Answer 13

Dorsally

Question 14

lies about ½ a kidney length caudal to right kidney

Answer 14

Left kidney

Question 15

Left kindey relation: spleen, pancreas and full stomach

Answer 15

Cranially

Question 16

Left kindey relation: left adrenal gland and aorta

Answer 16

Medially

Question 17

Left kindey relation: descending colon

Answer 17

Ventrally

Question 18

Left kindey relation: spleen and abdominal wall

Answer 18

Laterally

Question 19

Left kindey relation: spleen and full stomach

Answer 19

Dorsally

Question 20

– an indentation/depression on the medial border of the kidney (in the same position as the “eye of the bean”)
• Structures that passes through are the following:
– Renal artery and vein
– Renal nerves
– Renal lymphatic vessels
– Ureter

Answer 20

Renal hilus

Question 21

a thin, string connective tissue sheet intimately surrounds all external surface of the kidneys and extends inward through the hilus to line the walls of the renal sinus

Answer 21

Fibrous capsule

Question 22

a cavity/space within the kidney

Answer 22

Renal sinus

Question 23

structural and functional unit of the kidney

Answer 23

Nephron

Question 24

composed of glomerulus (a capillary tuft) surrounded by glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

Answer 24

Renal corpuscle

Question 25

outer region of kidney ; consists of proximal and distal convoluted tubule,peritubular capillary network, renalcorpuscles

Answer 25

Cortex

Question 26

inner region; comprised mainly of nephric loops, collecting ducts, and long looped capillaries

Answer 26

Medulla

Question 27

consists of renal pyramid and its overlying cortical cap and the renal crest

Answer 27

Renal lobe

Question 28

triangular portions of the medulla that are best appreciated on parasagittal sections

Answer 28

Renal pyramids

Question 29

the area of the apex of each adjacent renal pyramid

Answer 29

Renal papilla

Question 30

formed by fusion of the apices of adjacent renal pyramids

Answer 30

Renal crest

Question 31

This system begins in the kidney and ends at the urinary bladder

Answer 31

Collecting system

Question 32

the region on the renal crest where the papillary ducts open

Answer 32

Area cribrosa

Question 33

dilated proximal portion of the ureter, within the renal sinus

Answer 33

Renal pelvis

Question 34

• Description and location: – Tubes of smooth muscles that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder – Retroperitoneal

Answer 34

Uretres

Question 35

slightly longer than the left uretres

Answer 35

Right ureter

Question 36

Ureters Course:

Answer 36

Caudally and slightly medially en route to the urinary bladder

Question 37

courses in the ventral surface of the psoas muscles (lies ventral to the caudal vena cava and iliac arteries, but dorsal to the arteriessupplying the gonads

Answer 37

Abdominal part

Question 38

( male or female ) ureter continues its slightly oblique course directly to the urinary bladder

Answer 38

Females

Question 39

( male or female ) pass dorsal to ductus deferens, and each ductus deferens loops around its respective ureter en route to urethra

Answer 39

Males

Question 40

blind, rounded cranial end, highly mobile part of the urinary bladder

Answer 40

Apex

Question 41

main part, highly distensible, highly mobile part of the urinary bladder

Answer 41

Body

Question 42

terminal portion of urinary bladder, where it narrows to join the urethra; fixed in its intrapelvic position, even when the bladder is maximally distended

Answer 42

Neck

Question 43

– On the ventral surface of the urinary bladder and attaches to the abdominal wall as far cranial as the umbilicus – Contains the urachus and the umbilical arteries in the fetus

Answer 43

Median ligament of the bladder

Question 44

– this ligament of the urinary bladded passes to the pelvic wall – Often contains an accumulation of fat along with the ureters and the umbilical artery

Answer 44

Lateral ligament of the bladder

Question 45

A fetal structure (the allantoic stalk) that extends between the lumen of the urinary bladder and the umbilical cord

Answer 45

Urachus

Question 46

a triangular region in the internal surface of the dorsal wall of the urinary bladder

Answer 46

Trigone

Question 47

• A tubular organ that extends from the neck of the urinary bladder to the external body surface

Answer 47

Urethra

Question 48

shorter and simpler in form because it functions only in the elimination of urine

Answer 48

Female urethra

Question 49

Their urethra are divided into three regions

Answer 49

Male urethra

Question 50

most proximal urethra of male, where the organ is surrounded by the prostate gland

Answer 50

Prostatic urethra

Question 51

a low longitudinal ridge of tissue along the urethral dorsal midline

Answer 51

Urethral crest

Question 52

a small, elliptical knob at approximately the midpoint of urethral crest

Answer 52

Colliculus seminalis

Question 53

Urehtra of male that succeeds the prostatic part and extends as far caudally as the pelvic outlet

Answer 53

Pelvic urethra

Question 54

Urehtra of male that extends from the pelvic outlet through the full length of the penis, to open to the exterior of the body at the distal tip of the glans penis

Answer 54

Penile urethra